Table 1.
Clinical characteristics.
Table 2.
Cardiovascular disease groups.
Table 3.
MicroRNAs found in all pericardial fluid samples.
Table 4.
MicroRNAs found in all samples among the 50 most abundant microRNAs.
Table 5.
MicroRNAs in body fluids.
Fig 1.
The presence of all mir-30 family members in pericardial fluid was investigated using qPCR. Results are depicted as individual points for each measured sample (n = 51) lines indicating the mean expression for each miRNA.
Table 6.
Cardiac microRNAs in pericardial fluid.
Table 7.
Cardiac exosomal microRNAs in pericardial fluid.
Table 8.
Blood cell microRNAs in pericardial fluid.
Fig 2.
Heat map and unsupervised hierarchical clustering for disease aetiology.
The clustering is performed on top 50 miRNAs with highest standard deviation between groups and groups with three or more members. Samples were grouped according to the disease aetiologies of the patients: Group 1: Coronary artery disease (red), Group 2: Mitral valve insufficiency (blue), Group 3: Aortic stenosis (darkgreen), Group 5: Other cardiovascular disease (orange), and Group 7: Coronary artery disease and aortic stenosis (brown). The normalized (dCp) values were used for the analysis. The colour scale illustrates the relative expression level of miRNAs across all samples: red colour represents an expression level above mean, blue colour lower than the mean. Missing values are shown in grey.
Fig 3.
Differentially detected microRNAs by ANOVA.
The presence of miRNAs with highest standard deviation between a) disease groups (Group 1: Coronary artery disease, Group 2: Mitral valve insufficiency, Group 3: Aortic stenosis, Group 5: Other cardiovascular disease, and Group 7: Coronary artery disease and aortic stenosis) and b) NYHA classes were measured using qPCR. Results for c) miR-106b-3p and d) miR-215 are shown by disease groups and NYHA classes, respectively. Results are depicted as individual points for each measured sample (n = 45 for disease, and n = 51 for NYHA classes) lines indicating the overall mean for each miRNA. All miRNAs were not detected in every sample. *p<0.05, **p<0.01.
Fig 4.
Heat map and unsupervised hierarchical clustering for heart failure stages.
The clustering is performed on top 50 miRNAs with highest standard deviation between groups. Samples were grouped according to the NYHA grading of the patients: NYHA 0 (dark green), NYHA I (blue), NYHA II (cyan), NYHA III (orange), NYHA IV (red). Normalized (dCp) values were used for the analysis. The colour scale illustrates the relative expression level of miRNAs across all samples: red colour represents an expression level above mean, blue colour lower than the mean. Missing values are shown in grey.
Fig 5.
Heart failure marker miR-423–5p in pericardial fluid samples.
The presence of miRNAs by a) disease groups with three or more members (Group 1: Coronary artery disease, Group 2: Mitral valve insufficiency, Group 3: Aortic stenosis, Group 5: Other cardiovascular disease, and Group 7: Coronary artery disease and aortic stenosis), and b) NYHA grading for miR-423–5p and by c) disease group and d) NYHA grading for miR-423–3p were measured using qPCR. Results are depicted as individual points for each measured sample (n = 45 for disease, and n = 51 for NYHA classes) lines indicating the overall mean for each group.