Table 1.
Lymphocyte telomere length.
Fig 1.
Impact of cortisol on lymphocyte telomere length (TL) following 12 days in low (25 nM) or high (100 nM) folic acid (FA) culture conditions.
TL measured by flow cytometry, expressed relative to the reference standard (1301) cell line (%). Each bar represents duplicate measures from n = 6 participants (mean ± SEM; VC, vehicle control).
Table 2.
Impact of folic acid and cortisol on biomarkers of chromosomal instability.
Fig 2.
Biomarkers of DNA damage and chromosomal instability.
Frequency of binucleated (BN) lymphocytes displaying one or more DNA damage biomarker (per 500 BN), following 12 days in low (25 nM) or high folic acid (FA) (100 nM) culture medium containing 0, 400, 1000 or 3500 nM cortisol: BN with (A) fused nuclei (FUS), (B) ≥1 NPB, (C) circular nuclei (CIR), (D) ≥1 MN, (E) ≥1 NBud, and (F) total frequency of BN cells containing one or more DNA damage biomarker. (mean ± SEM; 500 BN scored per duplicate slide per treatment, N = 6 participants; *represents p ≤ 0.05; VC, vehicle control).
Fig 3.
Impact of cortisol on lymphocyte cell division following 12 days in low folic acid (FA) (25 nM) or high FA (100 nM) culture conditions.
(A) Cell growth. (B-D) frequencies (per 500 total cells) of mononucleated cells (monos); (C) binucleated cells (BN); and (D) multinucleated cells (mulits). (E) Nuclear division index (NDI); (duplicate measures for N = 6 participants. Mean ± SEM. *p ≤ 0.05).