Table 1.
Echocardiography on day 21.
Fig 1.
Pathological analysis revealed that a DPP-4 inhibitor prevented cardiac fibrosis in EAM.
A, Representative pathological images stained with HE staining and Mallory staining in low (× 20) power microscopic field are presented. B, Quantitative analysis of the cell infiltration area in myocardium. There is no significant difference between the untreated group and the treated group. C, Quantitative analysis of the fibrotic area in myocardium. The untreated group showed severe fibrosis, however, the treated group showed a smaller fibrotic area. *P < 0.05, Fisher’s PLSD. Values are mean ± SEM. Scale bars = 1mm
Fig 2.
Results of Quantitative PCR analysis.
mRNA expression of TNF-α (A), IL-2 (B), IL-1β (C), IL-6 (D), Col-1a1 (E) and Fn-1(F) in the hearts on day 21. *P < 0.05, Fisher’s PLSD. Values are mean ± SEM.
Fig 3.
Results of lymphocyte proliferation assay.
Cultures with spleen-derived lymphocytes obtained from EAM mice were incubated at 37°C with 5% CO2 for 70 hours. Lymphocyte proliferation was evaluated. Treatment of a DPP-4 inhibitor did not affect antigen-induced spleen-derived lymphocyte proliferation. *P < 0.05 vs. Myosin-, Linagliptin-, Bonferroni comparison test. Values are mean ± SEM.