Fig 1.
Prevalence of Respiratory Agents in Children with ARTIs.
(A) The spectra of single and mixed infections of diverse pathogens in children with ARTIs in Wuhan, China (10,206 cases). (B) The spectrum of mixed infections of diverse pathogens in children with ARTIs in Wuhan (1,779 cases). Note: *Others, including CP+MP (9 cases), INFB+LP (9 cases), AdV+IBV+PIV (9 cases), AdV+IBV+RSV+MP (9 cases), MP+COX (8 cases), AdV+IAV+MP (8 cases), RSV+MP+LP (7 cases), and others (54 cases). Abbreviations: MP, M. pneumonia; INFB, influenza B virus; INFA, influenza A virus; AdV, adenoviruses; RSV, respiratory syncytial virus; PIV, parainfluenza virus; LP, L. pneumophila; CP, C. pneumonia; and COX, C. burnetii.
Table 1.
Pathogen Distribution in Children with Acute Respiratory Infection.
Fig 2.
Month and Age Distributions of ARTIs in Children from October 2010 to September 2012.
(A) Analysis of the percentage of ARTI cases positive for M. pneumoniae, adenoviruses, influenza B virus, influenza A virus, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus, and L. pneumophila, and the number of positive ARTI cases in Wuhan, China each month from October 2010 to September 2012. (B) Proportions of different pathogens detected in 39,756 children aged 0 to 15 years (mean age 24.4±29.0 months) with ARTIs in Wuhan from October 2010 to September 2012. Abbreviations: MP, M. pneumonia; INFB, influenza B virus; INFA, influenza A virus; AdV, adenoviruses; RSV, respiratory syncytial virus; PIV, parainfluenza virus; LP, L. pneumophila.
Table 2.
Sex and Age Distributions of Children with Acute Respiratory Infection in Wuhan, China from 2010–2012.
Fig 3.
The Linear Relationship between the Proportion of Mixed Infections and the Incidence of Each Pathogen Involved in the Infection.
(A) Mixed infections, including triple and quadruple pathogen infections. (B) Co-infections involving two pathogens. (C) Mixed infections involving three pathogens. Notes: Y{LN[P(co-infections)]} denotes the logarithm of the proportion of co-infections for pathogens 1 and 2 in all cases (39,756); X{LN[P(pathogen 1)]} denotes the logarithm of the proportion of pathogen 1 (including single and multiple infections) in all cases (39,756) and LN[P(pathogen 2)] that for pathogen 2; X1 denotes {LN[P(pathogen 1)]+LN[P(pathogen 2)]}; and X2 denotes {LN[P(pathogen 1)]*LN [P(pathogen 2)]}.
Fig 4.
The Average K Coefficient(s) for the Linear Relationship.
(A) The average k coefficient for each pathogen. The k coefficients for different pathogens slightly differed from each other, but not significantly (p = 0.971). (B) Variations in the k coefficient by age group. The k coefficients for different age groups slightly differed from each other, ranging from 0.79–0.87 (P = 0.053). (C) The average k coefficient according to seasonal group. The k coefficients for different seasons were very similar (P = 0.285). The maximum D-value for k coefficients for the different seasons was 0.09. (D) Variation in k coefficient by month during the study period. The k coefficients for different months were similar, with no statistically significant differences (P = 0.499). Note k coefficients = y/x = LN[P(co-infections)] / (LN[P(pathogen 1)] + LN[(pathogen 2)]).
Table 3.
The Linear Relationship between the Proportion of Mixed Infections and the Incidence of the Individual Pathogens Involved in Co-infections.