Fig 1.
Sample sites for Homonota uruguayensis individuals used in this study.
Codes for the sampled populations are shown according to Table 1. Major mtDNA clades (see text for details) are represented by stars (Clade I), triangles (Clade II), squares (Clade III), and circles (Clade IV) and delimited geographically by a solid line coloured according to each major clade (Clade I—blue; Clade II—red; Clade III—orange; Clade IV—green). The dotted line represents the Haedo Range, in Uruguay, and “Coxilha Grande”, in Brazil. Elevation is shown in grayscale according to the legend. The Uruguay River form parts of the boundaries of Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay, while the Quaraí River forms part of the boundaries of Brazil and Uruguay.
Table 1.
Sample localities and genetic diversity for the surveyed populations of H. uruguayensis.
Fig 2.
A time-calibrated Bayesian evolutionary tree produced in BEAST (see text for details).
**posterior probability (PP) > 0.95; *PP > 0.90. Time is given in millions of years (Myr). The bars for each node represent the 95% credible interval for the time of the most recent ancestor (TMRCA). Clades I-IV are shaded in agreement to Fig. 1.
Fig 3.
Haplotype network obtained under the median-joining method.
Population labels are given according to Table 1. The size of each circle is proportional to haplotype frequency. Median vectors are represented by small back circles. All lines represent one mutational step except when noted.
Table 2.
Genetic structure among H. uruguayensis and outgroups.
Fig 4.
A—All populations; B—Peripheral populations; C—Clade IV (see text for details). The x-axis is given in millions of years (Myr). The y-axis is given in Effective female population size (NEF) multiplied by generation time (τ).
Table 3.
Estimates of Female Effective Population Size (NEF) and population growth.