Fig 1.
Maximum likelihood tree based on cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) Barcode sequences.
Bootstrap values are indicated above branches. Scale bar indicates the number of substitutions per site.
Fig 2.
Maximum likelihood tree based on cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) Minibarcode sequences.
Bootstrap values are indicated above branches. Scale bar indicates the number of substitutions per site.
Table 1.
Number of leaves collected between the 13th June and the 19th September 2012.
Table 2.
Amplification success for the three primers pairs used on the infested leaves collected.
Fig 3.
Intraspecific distance distribution for the DNA Barcode fragment of COI (658 bp).
Intraspecific distance distribution for a) Agromyzidae species b) Anthomyiidae species c) Braconidae species for cytochrome c oxydase I (COI).
Fig 4.
Quantitative food webs between plants, leaf mining insects and their parasitoids.
The food webs were constructed from 407 infested leaves sampled at Stockbridge Technology Center (Cawood, United Kingdom) using a) a molecular approach b) a morphological identification. The series of bars represent plant abundance (bottom), leaf mining insect abundance (middle) and parasitoid abundance (top). The width of edge links between plants, leaf-miners and parasitoids illustrates the relative strength of each interaction. Dashed lines are used where we are unable to identify the insect host of a parasitoid. L1: Cameraria orhidella; L2: Stigmella samiatella; L3: Coleophora gryphipennella; L4: Stigmella splendidissimella; L5: Chrysoesthia drurella; L6: Ectoedemia albifasciella; D1: Chromatomyia nigra; D2: Phytomyza cirsii; D3: Pegomyia solennis; D4: Pegomyia bicolor; D5: Phytomyza spondylii; D6: Amauromyza flavifrons; D7: Agromyza frontella; P1: Aesculus hippocastanum; P2: Chenopodium album; P3: Compositae sp; P4: Epilobium sp; P5: Quercus robur; P6: Quercus sp; P7: Rosa canina; P8: Rubus fruticosus; P9: Rumex obtusifolius; P10: Rumex sp; P11: Stellaria graminea; P12: Trifolium sp.
Table 3.
Comparison of molecular food web and morphological food web structure.