Fig 1.
Flow chart showing the input data used for each of the four scenarios.
Fig 2.
Map of the UK showing where Fleetwood and the tide gauge at Heysham are located [53].
Fig 3.
Detailed view of the model domain, each of the defence sections detailed in Table 1 are shown in varying colours.
Table 1.
Details of sea defences for Fleetwood coastline.
Fig 4.
Flow chart showing the process followed to derive the cost of each scenario.
Fig 5.
Graph showing the different stages in generating the time varying water elevation curve used at the model boundary [20].
Fig 6.
Diagram showing how the SLR parameter was selected.
Fig 7.
Flow chart showing the process of generating overtopping flow rates.
Fig 8.
Overtopping rates derived by the SWAB model for Defence sections 5 (squares) and section 6 (triangles) during the water elevations of the 1 in 250 year storm tide.
Fig 9.
Example of a 1 in 50 year Hydrograph for the River Wyre, courtesy of the Environment Agency [39].
Table 2.
Salt Water Depth Damage data for Housing, Road and Industrial flood inundation cells [45].
Table 3.
Inundation cost data for arable flood inundation cells [45].
Table 4.
Inundation statistics for different tide and surge offset simulations.
Fig 10.
Fig 11.
Each line shows the flood extent due to a 1 in 250 year storm tide with 0.65 m SLR in isolation (red), with the addition of river flow (orange), wave overtopping (brown) and both waves and river (purple) [47].
Table 5.
Output statistics for different projected inundation scenarios for a 1 in 250 year storm tide with 0.65m of SLR and additional flood factors.
Table 6.
Projected costs for each projected inundation scenarios for a 1 in 250 year storm tide with 0.65 m of SLR and additional flood factors.
Table 7.
Comparison of changes in extent and volume and cost for a 1 in 250 year storm tide with 0.65 m of SLR and additional flood factors in comparison to the storm tide with SLR alone.
Table 8.
Number of building cells inundated with average depth.
Fig 12.
Example Brick Course Map for the river scenario, 1 in 250 year storm tide, 0.65 m SLR, green areas have flood depths of up to 4 brick courses, yellow areas have flood depths of 4 to 8 brick courses and flood depths of greater than 8 brick courses are in red [47].
Fig 13.
Example Brick Course Map for the wave overtopping scenario, 1 in 250 year storm tide, 0.65 m SLR, green areas have flood depths of up to 4 brick courses, yellow areas have flood depths of 4 to 8 brick courses and flood depths of greater than 8 brick courses are in red [47].
Fig 14.
Brick course schematic.
Fig 15.
Diagram showing how vertical spray from waves breaking on sea defences can be blown as spray over the top of the defences causing minor flooding.