Fig 1.
Ploidy analysis and phenotypic characterization of autopolyploid.
A: Ploidy analysis of 2x (A1), 3x (A2), 4x (A3) woad by flow cytometer. B: Mitotic metaphase of 4x plant with 28 chromosomes (B1) and 2x plant with 14 chromosomes (B2). C-G: Morphological differences between diploid and autotetraploid, C-G: plantlets, inflorescence, flowers, pollen grains and siliques of autotetraploid (left) and diploid (right). Scale bars: B, F = 10 μm; C = 10 cm; D, E, G = 1 cm.
Fig 2.
Photosynthetic rate of woad with different ploidy.
A, B, C revealed that the photosynthetic rate were significantly different (P<0.01) among 2x, 3x and 4x plants.
Table 1.
Illumina RNA-Seq reads and de novo assembly statistics of woad.
Fig 3.
Unigenes annotatation and characteristics of homology search of unigenes against the nr database.
A: Venn diagram of number of unigenes annotated by BLASTx with an E-value threshold of 10-5 against the 5 databases. B: E-value distribution of the top BLAST hits against the nr database for each unique sequence. C: Similarity distribution of the top BLAST hits against the nr database for each unique sequence. D: Species distribution of unigenes in the nr database.
Fig 4.
All the unigenes aligned in COG database were assorted in 25 clusters.
Fig 5.
Classification of GO annotations.
The x-axis indicates the sub-categories; the left y-axis indicates the percentage of a sub-category of genes in that category and the right y-axis indicates the number of unigenes in a sub-category.
Fig 6.
Analysis of differently expressed genes via pairwise contrasts of different ploidy with | log2Ratio | ≥ 1.0 and FDR ≤ 0.001.
Table 2.
Functional classification of some differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in diploid vs tetraploid.
Table 3.
Functional classification of some differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related in photosynthesis via KEGG pathway enrichment analysis.