Figure 1.
Effect of 3-month treatment of 5 antihypertensive drugs on the body weight and SBP level of SHR.
The changes of body weight (A) and SBP level (B) during 3-month treatment of 5 antihypertensive drugs. Data are shown as mean ± SD and analyzed by ANOVA followed by dunnett t-testing. **P<0.01 vs. control. Abbreviation: BW, body weight; Con, control; Clo, clonidine; Ena, enalapril; Ate, atenolol; Aml, amlodipine; Dih, dihydrochlorothiazide.
Figure 2.
Effects of 3-month treatment of 5 different antihypertensive drugs on the penile erection and sexual behavior of male SHR.
(A) Penile erection was determined for 30 min. The rat was placed in a transparent cage which was divided in half by 2 sheets. An estrus female SD rat was placed on the other side of the cage. The number of erections were recorded before (left) and after 3-month drug treatment (right). (B) and (C) Every male SHR was put in a single cage with 2 female SD rats (during non-estrus). The mount latency (B) and mount frequency (C) were recorded for 30 min before (left) and after 3-month drug treatment (right). Data are presented as mean ± SD and analyzed by ANOVA followed by LSD post-hoc testing. *P<0.05, **P<0.01 vs. control. # P<0.05, ## P<0.01 vs. Ena. SHR, n = 10, non-estrus female SD rats, n = 2. Estrus female SD rats, n = 1. Abbreviation: Clo, clonidine; Ena, enalapril; Ate, atenolol; Aml, amlodipine; Dih, dihydrochlorothiazide.
Figure 3.
Effects of 3-month treatment of 5 different antihypertensive drugs on the hemodynamics in SHR.
(A) SBP and SBPV. (B) DBP and DBPV. (C) HR and HRV. Data are presented as mean ± SD and analysized by ANOVA followed by dunnett t-testing. *P<0.05, **P<0.01 vs. control. Abbreviation: Con, control; Clo, clonidine; Ena, enalapril; Ate, atenolol; Aml, amlodipine; Dih, dihydrochlorothiazide; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; SBPV, systolic blood pressure variability; DBPV, diastolic blood pressure variability; HR, heart rate; HRV, heart rate variability.
Figure 4.
Effects of 3-month treatment of 5 different antihypertensive drugs on the end-organ damage of ventricle and aorta in SHR.
(A), (B) and (C), Data are shown as mean ± SD. Data are analyzed by ANOVA followed by LSD post-hoc testing. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs. Con; ##P < 0.01 vs. Clo; $$P < 0.01 vs. Dih; n.s., not significant, n = 10. Abbreviation: VW, ventricular weight; BW, body weight; LVW, Left ventricular weight; AW, aortic weight; Clo, clonidine; Ena, enalapril; Ate, atenolol; Aml, amlodipine; Dih, dihydrochlorothiazide.
Figure 5.
Effects of 3-month treatment of 5 different antihypertensive drugs on the weight of accessory sex organ in SHR.
Data are shown as mean ± SD. Data are analyzed by ANOVA followed by dunnett t-testing. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs. Con; n.s., not significant, n = 10. Abbreviation: TW, testis weight; BW, body weight; EW, epididymides weight; SVW, seminal vesicles weight; PW, prostate weight; Con, control; Clo, clonidine; Ena, enalapril; Ate, atenolol; Aml, amlodipine; Dih, dihydrochlorothiazide.
Figure 6.
Effects of 3-month treatment of 5 different antihypertensive drugs on the sexual hormone levels and the conception rate of SHR.
(A), (B) and (C), Data are shown as mean ± SD. Data are analyzed by ANOVA followed by dunnett t-testing. *P < 0.05, vs. Con. (D), every male SHR was put in a single cage with 2 female SD rats. After one week copulation, the conception rate of the female rats was recorded (D). Chi-square test is used to estimate the conception rate. SHR, n = 10, Female SD rats, n = 20. Abbreviation: Con, control; Clo, clonidine; Ena, enalapril; Ate, atenolol; Aml, amlodipine; Dih, dihydrochlorothiazide; FSH, follicle-stimulating hormone; LH. luteinizing hormone.