Figure 1.
Geological setting of the Fumanya Sud locality within the Iberian Peninsula.
Figure 2.
Stratigraphic location and field aspect of the crocodilian fossils at the Fumanya Sud locality.
A, stratigraphic log and outcrop view of the sequence of alternating dark mudstones, limestones and lignites in the 'grey unit' with indication of the bone-bearing horizon. B, metric grid used to mapping the fossils along a digging transect of about 2.5 m long and 30 cm thick. C, field aspect of a lumbar vertebra, a partial tibia and some rib fragments. D, Dorsal vertebra (D5) preserving the centrum and parts of the apophyses in connection with the neural arch, as found in the outcrop. Scale bars in centimeters.
Figure 3.
Cranial remains of Allodaposuchus palustris sp. nov. from the Fumanya locality.
A, ectopterygoid; B, interpretative drawing of A; C, reconstruction of the skull table and left posterior part of the skull in dorsal view with original bones (marked in grey in the small skull drawing); D, interpretative drawing of C; E, squamosal, exoccipital and quadrate in posterior view; F, interpretative drawing of E; G, H, the same bones and interpretative drawing in lateral view. Abbreviations: XII, foramen for cranial nerve XII; bs, boss; cqp, canalis quadratosquamosoexoccipitalis; ec, ectopterygoid; ecap, ectopterygoid anterior process; exo, exoccipital; fae, foramen aërum; fcp, carotid foramen; fm, foramen magnum; fo, foramen; fr, frontal; fr ap, frontal anterior process; fv, foramen vagi; gef, groove for ear flap; mx cs, maxillar scar; oa, otic aperture; or, orbit; pa, parietal; pap, paropcipital process; pt cs, pterygoid scar; pfr, prefrontal; po, postorbital; q, quadrate; qj cs, quadratojugal contact surface; sq, squamosal; sq ap, anterior process; stf, supratemporal fenestra.
Figure 4.
Mandibular bones and teeth of Allodaposuchus palustris sp. nov. from the Fumanya locality.
A, C, E, anterior tip of the left dentary in occlusal, lingual and ventral views; B, D, F, interpretative drawings of A, C and E; G, articular; H, interpretative drawing of G; I, a tooth in labial, lingual and lateral views and a detail of the ornamentation of the crown surface (scale 1 mm). Abbreviations: an, angular; dt1-7, tooth alveoli1-7; de, dentary; fim, foramen intermandibularis oralis; fo, foramen; gl fo, glenoid fossa; mc, Meckelian canal; re pro, retroarticular process; sp cs, splenial scar; sym, symphysis.
Figure 5.
Axial skeleton bones of Allodaposuchus palustris sp. nov. from the Fumanya locality.
A, left side of the axis; B, interpretative drawing of A; C, ventral view of the axis; D, interpretative drawing of C; E–G, 7th cervical in anterior, posterior and lateral views; H–I, proximal part of the eighth cervical rib in lateral and medial views; J–M, 5th dorsal vertebra in anterior, posterior, lateral and dorsal views; N–P, 2nd lumbar vertebra in anterior, dorsal and ventral views; Q, S; first caudal vertebra in dorsal and lateral view; R, T, interpretative drawings of Q and S; U, undetermined caudal vertebra. Abbreviations: hyp, hypapophysis; op, odontoid process; prz, prezygapophysis; ptz, postzygapophysis; trp, transverse process.
Figure 6.
Forelimb bones of Allodaposuchus palustris sp. nov. from the Fumanya locality.
A–B, humerus in medial and frontal views; C–D; radius in lateral and medial views.
Figure 7.
Pelvic scar and hindlimb bones of Allodaposuchus palustris sp. nov. from the Fumanya locality.
A, left ilium in lateral view; B, interpretative drawing of A; C–E, proximal epiphysis of the left femur in anterior, lateral and posterior views; F–G, proximal epiphysis of the left tibia in anterior and posterior views; H–J, proximal fragment and diaphysis of the left fibula; K–M, calcaneum in distal, lateral and anterior views; N–O, astragalus in anterior and posterior views; P–R, undetermined phalanx in dorsal, lateral and ventral view. Abbreviations: act, acetabulum; aip, anterior ischiadic process; ap, anterior process; ib, iliac blade; pip, posterior ischiadic process; pp, posterior process; sactc, supracetabular crest.
Figure 8.
Strict consensus tree of composite data (cranial + postcranial) (left) and cranial only (right).
Bootstrap (above) and Bremer (below) values are indicated.
Figure 9.
Mapping of the crocodylian bones at the Fumanya Sud locality and their anatomical location.
A, distribution of the fossils along a 2.3 m-long accumulation with indication of the type of bone (see legend). Grid square is 10 centimeters. B, anatomical location of the recovered bones. Abbreviations: a, astragalus; ar, articular; ca, calcaneum; cdv, caudal vertebra; cr, cervical rib; cv, cervical vertebra; d, dentary; dr, dorsal rib; dv, dorsal vertebra; eo, exoccipital; ept, ectopterygoid; f, frontal; fi, fibula; fm, femur; h, humerus; il, ilium; lv, lumbar vertebra; ost, osteoderm; pa, parietal; pf, prefrontal; ph, phalanx; q, quadrate; r, radius; rb, rib; sf: skull fragment; sq, squamosal; t, tooth; ti, tibia; ul, ulna.
Figure 10.
Palaeobiogeographical history of Allodaposuchus. A, Time-calibrated phylogram of the Crocodylia based on the phylogenetic hypothesis shown in Fig. 8.
The circles at each node represent the relative probabilities for the ancestral areas inferred using the Statistic Divergence-Vicariance Analysis method (S-DIVA). B, Palaeobiogeographical distribution of “Allodaposuchia” showing the two most likely routs for the dispersion of the genus along the European archipelago during the latest Cretaceous. Map modified from Dalla Vecchia [51]. C, Time-calibrated phylogram of “Allodaposuchia” species and their hypothetical speciation events.