Figure 1.
Ocular Ultrasound of a normal eye.
The ultrasound probe is applied to the closed eye and transmission gel used to avoid any pressure on the eye. The normal eye (here right eye) appears as a round hypoechoic (grey-black) structure, and the cornea (2) is a thin hyperechoic (white) layer next to the eyelid (1). This is adjacent to the anterior chamber (hypoechoic water-filled cavity). Below the chamber, a hyperechoic iris and ciliary bodies (4) follow with the anterior (hyperechogenic) reflection of the lens (3). The lens itself is hypoechogenic with a smaller reflection on the rear side (5). The vitreous body is hypoechogenic due to its water-filled cavity. Retina may not be differentiated from choroidal layers, while the optic nerve appears as a hypoechoic linear structure (7) entering the vitreous chamber (6).
Table 1.
Distribution of sex, initial Glasgow Coma scale (GCS), Fisher grade in initial cranial CT imaging scan and Hunt & Hess grade (based on reference 4).
Figure 2.
Ocular ultrasound examination of a vitreous haemorrhage (VH) in the left eye.
In this case Terson's syndrome appeared as a hyperechogenic membrane caused by clotted blood within the vitreous body. According to Fig. 1 iris and ciliary bodies (4) as well as the anterior (3) and posterior reflection (5) of the lens and the optic nerve (7) are visible.
Table 2.
Learning curve of sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value and accuracy of investigator I and II.