Figure 1.
Indications for biopsies in 295 children and adolescents −169 of the biopsies were performed on kidney transplants (FSGS – focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis, SCR – serum creatinine).
Figure 2.
B mode sonographic image of a kidney.
The distance between the lower kidney pole, the destined localization of biopsy and the skin was determined. Depth of biopsy was aligned on the measured skin-kidney pole distance (white line).
Figure 3.
Number of punctures per biopsy.
Table 1.
Eighteen relevant complications occurred among 438 biopsies (complication rate: 4.1%), with 6 patients needing an angiographic or cystoscopic intervention (1.3%), 3 patients receiving a blood transfusion (0.6%) and complications showed spontaneous recovery in 9 patients (2%).
Figure 4.
Abdominal bleeding in a six year old male patient 4 hours after biopsy, which caused a drop of haemoglobin.
White arrow indicates perirenal hematoma.
Figure 5.
Ultrasound findings of an AV fistula (white arrow).
The fistula showed spontaneous regression (13 year old patient, female).
Figure 6.
Ultrasound findings of an arteriovenous fistula (a, white arrow) and a bladder tamponade (b).
AV-fistula was angiographically embolized (c and d, black arrow) (10 year old patient, male).
Table 2.
Eighteen relevant complications occurred among 438 biopsies (complication rate: 4.1%).
Figure 7.
Between 1997 and 2011 a total of 438 ultrasound-guided biopsies were performed in 295 patients.
Table 3.
Synopsis of literature.