Table 1.
List of species and isolates utilized to evaluate the specificity of Colletotrichum-genus-specific primers and corresponding positive (+) or negative (-) amplification results obtained in PCR reactions with pure culture DNA samples.
Table 2.
Summary of results of field surveys conducted with different olive tissues collected in 3 phenological phases from 8 different plants located in three fields (T1, T2, A1).
Table 3.
List of Colletotrichum species and ITS genotypes identified in different olive tissues collected in three olive orchards on the Gioia Tauro plain (southern Italy).
Figure 1.
Phylogenetic trees built using unique sequences representative of all detected genotypes (♦) together with sequences of reference isolates of Colletotrichum acutatum sensu lato [1], C. gloeosporioides s.l. [2] and C. boninense s.l. [3].
Genotypes were identified as C. godetiae (A), C. acutatum s.s. (C), C. gloeosporioides s.s. (D) and C. kahawae (F). Three additional genotypes were associated with 2 (B), 6 (D) and 3 (F) species within C. acutatum s.l., C. gloeosporioides s.l and C. boninense s.l., respectively. Separate analyses were conducted for each species complex. Numbers on nodes represent the posterior probabilities for the maximum likelihood method.
Figure 2.
Genotype networks based on ITS sequences of Colletotrichum acutatum sensu lato (A), C. gloeosporioides s.l. (B) and C. boninense s.l. (C), detected in different olive tissues in 3 different phenological phases (June, October and December).
According to the caption (bottom right of the figure) different colors were used to connect detected genotypes and analyzed olive samples. Empty white boxes in the caption indicate analyzed samples that did not produce any positive amplification, while white boxes containing “na” indicate non-analyzed samples. The letters “T1”, “T2” and “A1” inside the circles were used to indicate sampling fields where genotypes were detected (Cfr. Table 2). The size of each circle represents the relative frequency of genotypes in terms of number of samples in which they were detected. Genotypes were identified according to their phylogenetic collocation (Cfr. Fig. 1) and named using the initials of the corresponding species as follows: C. godetiae (Glo), C. acutatum s.s. (Acu), C. gloeosporioides s.s. (Glo), C. kahawae (Kah), C. acutatum s.l. (Acusl), C. gloesporioides s.l. (Glosl) and C. boninense s.l. (Bonsl).