Figure 1.
Relative impact of habitat alteration and Tapinoma sessile presence on average ant richness.
Bars at the column peaks indicate standard error. Brackets indicate an analysis of average species differences between columns under the bracket ends. Solid brackets denote non-significant difference of species average. Dotted brackets followed by a bolded letter and asterisk denote significantly different species averages. Differences between average species counts were calculated using multiple comparisons, Tukey-Kramer adjustment. a*: SE = 0.21; df = 87; Adj. P<0.0001. b*: SE = 0.22; df = 87; Adj. P<0.0001.
Table 1.
Ant species' numerical presence in response to treatments.
Table 2.
Ant community composition in three habitats with and without Tapinoma sessile.
Figure 2.
Relative impacts of habitat alteration and Tapinoma sessile presence on average ant abundance.
Bars at the column peaks indicate standard error. Brackets indicate an analysis of average nest abundance differences between columns under the bracket ends. Solid brackets denote non-significant difference of nest abundance. Dotted brackets followed by a bolded letter and asterisk denote significantly different nest abundance averages. Differences between average nest abundance were calculated using ANOVA testing under PROC GLIMMIX. a*: SE = 0.21; df = 87; Adj. P<0.0001. b*: SE = 0.22; df = 87; Adj. P<0.0001.
Figure 3.
Comparison of archetypal back-seat driver data to Tapinoma sessile and urbanization influence on ant community richness.
Both bar graphs represent studies sampling species richness within undisturbed or disturbed habitat in the presence or absence of an invasive species. (a) This chart is copied directly from Berman and Andersen [58] (Fig. 1) using ‘natural experiments’ to visualize data typical of a back-seat driver model. (b) The second chart represents total richness data plotted from this study and mirrors the idealized back-seat driver data. Numbers left of the Y-axis represent total species number.