Figure 1.
Summary of the literature search and sifting process (PRISMA flow diagram).
CENTRAL = Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials; CDSR = Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews; DARE = Database of Abstracts of Reviews; NHS = National Health Services; HTA = Health Technology Assessment; WHO Global Medical Index = World Health Organization Global Medical Index; OpenSIGLE = System for information on Grey Literature in Europe; CDC = Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention; IFPMA = International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Associations.
Table 1.
Characteristics of eligible studies (n = 17).
Figure 2.
Risk of bias assessment using the Cochrane Collaboration tool.
Upper panel: RCTs and prospective cohort studies (n = 14); Lower panel: RCTs only (n = 9).
Table 2.
Risk of bias assessment for observational studies (n = 3) excluding prospective cohort studies) using Newcastle Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale.
Figure 3.
Meta-analysis of pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis with oseltamivir against seasonal and influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 (Individual protection).
Horizontal axis represent odds ratio; Columns represent study authors and year of publication, effect size including pooled estimate of effect, and 95% CI, and the weighting of each study in the meta-analysis.
Figure 4.
Meta-analysis of prophylaxis for households with oseltamivir against seasonal influenza.
Horizontal axis represent odds ratio; Columns represent study authors and year of publication, effect size including pooled estimate of effect, and 95% CI, and the weighting of each study in the meta-analysis.
Figure 5.
Meta-analysis of pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis with zanamivir against seasonal influenza (individual protection).
Horizontal axis represent odds ratio; Columns represent study authors and year of publication, effect size including pooled estimate of effect, and 95% CI, and the weighting of each study in the meta-analysis.
Figure 6.
Meta-analysis of prophylaxis for households with zanamivir against seasonal influenza.
Horizontal axis represent odds ratio; Columns represent study authors and year of publication, effect size including pooled estimate of effect, and 95% CI, and the weighting of each study in the meta-analysis.