Table 1.
Groups and treatments.
Figure 1.
Effects of combined proanthocyanidins extracted from lotus seedpod (LSPC) and Lactobacillus casei-01 (LC) on scopolamine-induced memory impairment in Y-maze test.
Groups without any same letters above the bars signify statistically significant differences (P<0.05). CON, SCOP, Piracetam and LC is control, vehicle scopolamine control, positive drug control and Lactobacillus casei-01 group, respectively. L-LSPC and H-LSPC is low and high dose of LSPC group, respectively. L-LSPC+LC is L-LSPC and LC combination group. H-LSPC+LC is H-LSPC and LC combination group.
Table 2.
Effects of combined proanthocyanidins extracted from lotus seedpod (LSPC) and Lactobacillus casei-01 (LC) on brain malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) levels, total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activities, ratio of T-SOD to MDA (T-SOD/MDA) and ratio of GSH-Px to T-SOD (GSH-Px/T-SOD) in scopolamine-induced amnesia mice.
Table 3.
Effects of combined proanthocyanidins extracted from lotus seedpod (LSPC) and Lactobacillus casei-01 (LC) on serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) levels, total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities, ratio of T-SOD to MDA (T-SOD/MDA) and ratio of GSH-Px to T-SOD (GSH-Px/T-SOD) in scopolamine-induced amnesia mice.
Table 4.
Effects of combined proanthocyanidins extracted from lotus seedpod (LSPC) and Lactobacillus casei-01 (LC) on colon malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) levels, total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities, ratio of T-SOD to MDA (T-SOD/MDA) and ratio of GSH-Px to T-SOD (GSH-Px/T-SOD) in scopolamine-induced amnesia mice.
Table 5.
Effects of combined proanthocyanidins extracted from lotus seedpod (LSPC) and Lactobacillus casei-01 (LC) on brain total nitric oxide synthase (TNOS), nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and neural nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) activities in scopolamine-induced amnesia mice.
Figure 2.
Effects of combined proanthocyanidins extracted from lotus seedpod (LSPC) and Lactobacillus casei-01 (LC) on the mRNA level of neural nitric oxide synthase (nNOS).
Groups without any same letters above the bars signify statistically significant differences (P<0.05). CON, SCOP, Piracetam and LC is control, vehicle scopolamine control, positive drug control and Lactobacillus casei-01 group, respectively. L-LSPC and H-LSPC is low and high dose of LSPC group, respectively. L-LSPC+LC is L-LSPC and LC combination group. H-LSPC+LC is H-LSPC and LC combination group.