Table 1.
Ancestry proportions of Mexican and Brazilian populations.
Figure 1.
Principal Component (PC) analysis.
The first two PCs were plotted. The plots are based on data for 1,647 SNPs available for two HapMap samples (EUR, AFR), Black, Brown, White Brazilians (BZ.BK, BZ.BN, BZ.WT) and Mexican Natives and Mestizos (NAT, MEX).
Table 2.
Frequencies of alleles/haplotypes in CYP2D6, UGT1A1 and VKORC1 genes in Mexicans and Brazilians populations.
Table 3.
Distribution of most frequent pharmacogenetic polymorphisms in Europeans compared with Africans.
Table 4.
Distribution of most frequent pharmacogenetic polymorphisms in Europeans compared with Native Americans.
Figure 2.
Surface plots describing the predicted relationship between the distribution of rs2470890 and parental ancestry, obtained by fitting piece-wise smooth logistic regression models to the 268 Brazilians and 224 Mexicans data.
The relative proportions of Native American and African ancestry are plotted in the x and y axes as appropriately labeled, whereas the relative proportion of European ancestry is inferred as the remaining proportion: 1- (af+nat). The plotted surface corresponds to the natural logarithm of the odds of having the variant rs2470890 T allele, depending on the relative admixture proportions of the parental populations. The odds refer to the ratio of the variant:wild-type alleles. For example the odds of having a variant allele frequency of 0.1 (wild-type frequency = 0.9) is 01/09 or 0.111. The corresponding Ln odds is −2.197. The circles correspond to the average ancestral proportions for Black Brazilians (black circle), Brown Braziilans (grey), White Brazilians (white), Mexicans (red), EUR (yellow), AFR (green) and NAT (blue).
Figure 3.
Surface plots describing the predicted relationship between the frequency of rs1135840 and parental ancestry, obtained by fitting piece-wise smooth logistic regression models to the 268 Brazilians and 224 Mexicans data.
The relative proportions of Native American, African ancestry and European ancestry are presented as described in Figure 2. The plotted surfaces correspond to the natural logarithm of the odds of having the variant rs1135840 G allele, depending on the relative admixture proportions of the parental populations. The circles correspond to the average ancestral proportions for Black Brazilians (black circle), Brown Braziilans (grey), White Brazilians (white), Mexicans (red), EUR (yellow), AFR (green) and NAT (blue).
Figure 4.
Surface plots describing the predicted relationship between the frequency of rs9923231 and parental ancestry, obtained by fitting piece-wise smooth logistic regression models to the 268 Brazilians and 224 Mexicans data.
The relative proportions of Native American, African and European ancestry are presented as described in Figure 2. The plotted surfaces correspond to the natural logarithm of the odds of having the variant rs9923231 G allele, depending on the relative admixture proportions of the parental populations. The circles correspond to the average ancestral proportions for Black Brazilians (black circle), Brown Brazilians (grey), White Brazilians (white), Mexicans (red), EUR (yellow), AFR (green) and NAT (blue).
Table 5.
FST values for pair-wise comparisons between the HapMap EUR and AFR groups and between EUR and NAT.
Figure 5.
Frequency distributions of DMET Plus markers by region within Mexico.
We analyzed the distribution of the DMET Plus markers by region. CPIC marker rs12248560 shows much lower frequency for those states with stronger Native American component (GUE, VER) almost 4-fold when compared to that of SON. Whilst, rs1135840 shows that frequency for the state of SON is almost 2-fold when compared to that of GUE, a state with a high Native American component. This also correspond to what is observed at the ancestral population levels, over 4-fold difference between European and Native American.