Table 1.
Descriptive statistics, percentage of phenotypic variation explained by population structure (R2), and heritability in broad sense (h2) for 12 agronomic traits in Panel 1.
Table 2.
Correlation coefficients for 12 agronomic traits in 2008 and 2009.
Figure 1.
Distribution of pairwise relative kinship values in Panel 1.
The height of the black bar represents the percentage of varieties in different ranges of kinships.
Figure 2.
Plots of observed versus expected P-values using MLM (Q+K) model for 12 agronomic traits in 2008.
The blue symbol the represents expected P-values, and the red symbol represents the observed P-values.
Figure 3.
Plots of observed versus expected P-values using MLM (Q+K) model for 12 agronomic traits in 2009.
Blue symbol represents expected P-values, and red symbol represents observed P-values.
Table 3.
Summary of association mapping results for 12 agronomic traits using MLM model in Panel 1.
Table 4.
Association mapping results for 12 agronomic traits in two years using MLM model in Panel 1.
Figure 4.
Relationship between PIC and P-value for marker–trait associations for 12 agronomic traits in two years.
Green asterisk refers to the total markers used in traits in 2008. A red asterisk refers to the markers significantly associated with traits in 2008. A purple asterisk refers to the total markers used in traits in 2009. A green triangle refers to the markers significantly associated with traits in 2009.
Table 5.
Summary of trait-marker associations within the three Panels.
Table 6.
The same trait-marker associations in Panel 2 and 3 using GLM model compared with those in Panel 1.
Table 7.
Duncan multiple comparisons for different allelic effects on traits.