Figure 1.
Map of sampling sites in the Jiyun River.
Table 1.
Frequencies and concentrations of the 12 target antibiotics in the Jiyun River (n = 12).
Figure 2.
Distributions of the three classes of antibiotics in the 12 sampling sites.
Control, Haizi reservoir; J1, J2 and J3, up-, mid- and downstream of Ju River; C1 C2, and C3, up-, mid- and downstream of Cuo River; JJ1, JJ2, and JJ3, up-, mid- and downstream of Jinji River; JC and JCJJ, intersection sites of Ju River with Cuo River and Jinji River, respectively. TC, tetracycline; OTC, oxytetracycline; CTC, chlortetracycline; DOC, doxycycline; CFC, ciprofloxacin; EFC, enrofloxacin; OFC, ofloxacin; SDZ, sulfadiazine; SMX, sulfamethoxazole; SMM, sulfamonomethoxine; SM, sulfameter; SCX, sulfachinoxaline.
Figure 3.
The means and standard deviations (SD) for antibiotics in water samples (n = 12) and in animal fecal samples (n = 6).
TCs, tetracyclines; QLs, quinolones; SAs, sulfonamides; TC, tetracycline; OTC, oxytetracycline; CTC, chlortetracycline; DOC, doxycycline; CFC, ciprofloxacin; EFC, enrofloxacin; OFC, ofloxacin; SDZ, sulfadiazine; SMX, sulfamethoxazole; SMM, sulfamonomethoxine; SM, sulfameter; SCX, sulfachinoxaline.
Figure 4.
Resistance percentage to the eight tested drugs for all the E. coli isolates that were isolated from the Jiyun River (n = 218).
TE, tetracycline; CTC, chlortetracycline; SXT, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim; SMM, sulfamonomethoxine; AMP, ampicillin; C, chloromycetin; LEV, levofloxacin; CN, gentamycin.
Figure 5.
Percentage of E. coli number in each antibiotic-resistance pattern accounting for the total E. coli isolates from the Jiyun River.
TE, tetracycline; CTC, chlortetracycline; SXT, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim; SMM, sulfamonomethoxine; AMP, ampicillin; C, chloromycetin; LEV, levofloxacin; CN, gentamycin.
Table 2.
Spearman correlation matrix of the percent resistances to the eight drugs in seven of the nine sampling sites.
Table 3.
Overall antibiotic-resistance frequency (%), MAR index and one-, two-, three-, four-, five-, six-drug, seven-drug and eight-drug resistance frequency (%) for E. coli isolated from each of the nine sampling sites.