Table 1.
Factor loadings for explanatory factor analysis with direct oblimin rotation of the items describing the rewarding aspects of music-evoked sadness (N = 772).
Figure 1.
Mean ratings for each of the four dimensions of reward identified.
Error bars indicate standard error of the mean, ***a p-level of <.001, and *a p-level of <.05.
Table 2.
Summary of the situations in which participants engage with sad music, and functions of listening to sad music in those circumstances.
Figure 2.
The amount of nominations for each situation-related factor underlying listening to sad music.
Table 3.
Correlations between the mean ratings for the liking of sad music and personality traits as measured by the TIPI and IRI.
Figure 3.
The most frequent emotions, as measured by the GEMS, evoked in response to sad music.
Figure 4.
Mean ratings for each principle underlying music-evoked sadness.
Error bars indicate standard error of the mean, ***a p-level of <.001, and **a p-level of <.01.
Table 4.
Correlations between the mean ratings for the principles underlying the evocation of sadness and personality traits as measured by the TIPI and IRI.
Table 5.
Descriptive statistics for the acoustic and musical features of the musical pieces nominated by the participants (N = 124).
Figure 5.
The amount of nominations for each situation-related factor underlying listening to happy music.
Table 6.
Summary of the situations in which participants engage with happy music and functions of listening to happy music in those circumstances.
Figure 6.
Mean ratings for each of the four dimensions of reward identified for sad and happy music.
Error bars indicate standard error of the mean, ***a p-level of <.001.