Figure 1.
Research overview.
Table 1.
Study participant characteristics and demographics.
Figure 2.
Relatively abundant genera in semen samples.
Figure 3.
Bacterial communities in semen samples.
(A) Hierarchical clustering was used to generate a clustering tree depicting the bacterial diversity in 96 men with clinical values. The scale bar represents the sample distance generated by UniFrac. (B) Clinical value status is depicted in the seven horizontal bars. The red and green rectangles respectively represent abnormal and normal clinical values. B1 to B7 respectively represent the clinical value status of semen volume, sperm concentration, motility, Kruger's strict morphology, antisperm antibody (IgA), Atypical, and leucocytes. (C) G1, G2 and G3 represent the three main groups in the clustering results, which were respectively predominated by Pseudomonas, Lactobacillus and Prevotella. (D) The colored bars represent the taxonomic compositions in each sample. Less abundant taxa were grouped in the “Others” category.
Figure 4.
Diversity and richness of bacterial communities in the G1, G2 and G3 groups.
Figure 5.
Genera co-occurring with main contributors and their co-occurring children in the (A) G1, (B) G2 and (C) G3 groups.
Figure 6.
Relatively abundant genera in the (A) normal and (B) case samples.
Figure 7.
Relatively abundant bacteria with significantly different distributions between the normal and case samples (* p<0.05, ** p<0.01, *** p<0.001).
Figure 8.
Diversity and richness of bacterial communities in the case and normal samples.
Figure 9.
PCoA analysis of case and normal samples.
The blue rectangles and red circles respectively represent the case and normal samples.
Table 2.
Genera of bacteria significantly associated with more than 2 clinical criteria.
Table 3.
Species of bacteria significantly associated with more than 2 clinical criteria.
Figure 10.
Classification rule and potential markers for classifying microbiome communities of semen.