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Figure 1.

Phylogenetic relationships and species diversity of major extant teleostean groups.

Cladogram based on Wiley and Johnson [1] with terminal branches representing orders; species diversity based on Eschmeyer and Fong [2].

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Figure 1 Expand

Figure 2.

Categories of morphological synapomorphies delimiting the 50 major monophyletic groups of Percomorphacea.

Synapomorphies and classification based on Wiley and Johnson [1].

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Figure 2 Expand

Figure 3.

Branchial musculoskeletal system of Scorpaena plumieri (Scorpaeniformes: Scorpaenidae).

MZUSP 67283. Ventral view; left pharyngoclaviculares externus and internus, and right rectus communis removed.

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Figure 3 Expand

Figure 4.

Semicircular ligament and associated structures of Prionotus sp. (Scorpaeniformes: Triglidae).

MZUSP 71680. Ventral view; rectus communis removed.

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Figure 5.

Maximum parsimony optimization (ACCTRAN) of the identified derived characters of the infrabranchial musculature.

Characters superimposed on cladograms of the relationships among the (A) Anabantomorpha [8], [117]; (B) Batrachoidiformes and Lophiiformes [53], [54], [63]; (C) Callionymoidei and Gobiesocoidei [44], [66][68]; (D) Gobiiformes [76][78]; (E) Mugiliformes and Atherinomorphae [81], [95]; (F) Scombroidei, Pomatomidae and Scombrolabracidae [98]; and (G) Stromateiformes [111]. Characters numbered as in the text.

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Figure 6.

Branchial musculoskeletal system of Pristolepis fasciata (Perciformes: Pristolepididae).

USNM 332697. Ventral view; gill rakers, right pharyngoclavicularis externus and rectus communis removed.

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Figure 7.

Branchial musculoskeletal system of Porichthys porosissimus (Batrachoidiformes: Batrachoididae).

MZUSP 46971. Ventral view; right pharyngoclavicularis externus, pharyngoclavicularis internus and rectus communis removed.

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Figure 8.

Branchial musculoskeletal system of Scartella cristata (Blenniiformes: Blenniidae).

MZUSP 60573. Ventral view; right pharyngoclavicularis externus and rectus communis removed.

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Figure 9.

Branchial musculoskeletal system of Cichla cf. piquiti (Labriformes: Cichlidae).

LIRP 6317. Ventral view; gill rakers and right pharyngoclavicularis externus, pharyngoclavicularis internus, and rectus communis removed.

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Figure 10.

Branchial musculoskeletal system of Synchiropus agassizii (Gobiesociformes: Callionymidae).

MZUSP 66707. Ventral view; gill rakers and right rectus communis removed.

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Figure 11.

Branchial musculoskeletal system of Bathygobius soporator (Gobiiformes: Gobiidae).

MZUSP 66368. Ventral view; gill rakers, rectus communis, and left pharyngoclavicularis externus, pharyngoclavicularis internus, and sternobranchialis removed.

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Figure 11 Expand

Figure 12.

Branchial musculoskeletal system of Fundulus heteroclitus (Cyprinodontiformes: Fundulidae).

MZUSP 67017. Ventral view; rectus communis and left pharyngoclaviculares externus and internus removed.

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Figure 13.

Branchial musculoskeletal system of Antigonia capros (Caproiformes: Caproidae).

MZUSP 108164. Left lateral view; gill rakers removed. Anterior portion of basihyal accidentally cut.

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Figure 14.

Ventroposterior region of branchial musculoskeletal system of Sphyraena obtusata (Scombriformes: Sphyraenidae).

MZUSP 37378. Left lateral view; gill rakers and left rectus communis removed.

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Figure 15.

Branchial musculoskeletal system of Peprilus triacanthus (Stromateiformes: Stromateidae).

MZUSP 112356. Ventral view; right gill rakers, ventral part of the rectus communis, and pharyngoclavicularis externus removed; right pharyngoclavicularis internus cross-sectioned.

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