Figure 1.
Phylogenetic relationships and species diversity of major extant teleostean groups.
Cladogram based on Wiley and Johnson [1] with terminal branches representing orders; species diversity based on Eschmeyer and Fong [2].
Figure 2.
Categories of morphological synapomorphies delimiting the 50 major monophyletic groups of Percomorphacea.
Synapomorphies and classification based on Wiley and Johnson [1].
Figure 3.
Branchial musculoskeletal system of Scorpaena plumieri (Scorpaeniformes: Scorpaenidae).
MZUSP 67283. Ventral view; left pharyngoclaviculares externus and internus, and right rectus communis removed.
Figure 4.
Semicircular ligament and associated structures of Prionotus sp. (Scorpaeniformes: Triglidae).
MZUSP 71680. Ventral view; rectus communis removed.
Figure 5.
Maximum parsimony optimization (ACCTRAN) of the identified derived characters of the infrabranchial musculature.
Characters superimposed on cladograms of the relationships among the (A) Anabantomorpha [8], [117]; (B) Batrachoidiformes and Lophiiformes [53], [54], [63]; (C) Callionymoidei and Gobiesocoidei [44], [66]–[68]; (D) Gobiiformes [76]–[78]; (E) Mugiliformes and Atherinomorphae [81], [95]; (F) Scombroidei, Pomatomidae and Scombrolabracidae [98]; and (G) Stromateiformes [111]. Characters numbered as in the text.
Figure 6.
Branchial musculoskeletal system of Pristolepis fasciata (Perciformes: Pristolepididae).
USNM 332697. Ventral view; gill rakers, right pharyngoclavicularis externus and rectus communis removed.
Figure 7.
Branchial musculoskeletal system of Porichthys porosissimus (Batrachoidiformes: Batrachoididae).
MZUSP 46971. Ventral view; right pharyngoclavicularis externus, pharyngoclavicularis internus and rectus communis removed.
Figure 8.
Branchial musculoskeletal system of Scartella cristata (Blenniiformes: Blenniidae).
MZUSP 60573. Ventral view; right pharyngoclavicularis externus and rectus communis removed.
Figure 9.
Branchial musculoskeletal system of Cichla cf. piquiti (Labriformes: Cichlidae).
LIRP 6317. Ventral view; gill rakers and right pharyngoclavicularis externus, pharyngoclavicularis internus, and rectus communis removed.
Figure 10.
Branchial musculoskeletal system of Synchiropus agassizii (Gobiesociformes: Callionymidae).
MZUSP 66707. Ventral view; gill rakers and right rectus communis removed.
Figure 11.
Branchial musculoskeletal system of Bathygobius soporator (Gobiiformes: Gobiidae).
MZUSP 66368. Ventral view; gill rakers, rectus communis, and left pharyngoclavicularis externus, pharyngoclavicularis internus, and sternobranchialis removed.
Figure 12.
Branchial musculoskeletal system of Fundulus heteroclitus (Cyprinodontiformes: Fundulidae).
MZUSP 67017. Ventral view; rectus communis and left pharyngoclaviculares externus and internus removed.
Figure 13.
Branchial musculoskeletal system of Antigonia capros (Caproiformes: Caproidae).
MZUSP 108164. Left lateral view; gill rakers removed. Anterior portion of basihyal accidentally cut.
Figure 14.
Ventroposterior region of branchial musculoskeletal system of Sphyraena obtusata (Scombriformes: Sphyraenidae).
MZUSP 37378. Left lateral view; gill rakers and left rectus communis removed.
Figure 15.
Branchial musculoskeletal system of Peprilus triacanthus (Stromateiformes: Stromateidae).
MZUSP 112356. Ventral view; right gill rakers, ventral part of the rectus communis, and pharyngoclavicularis externus removed; right pharyngoclavicularis internus cross-sectioned.