Table 1.
Surfactant screening assay.
Table 2.
Results of the surfactant screening assay.
Figure 1.
Pseudoternary phase diagrams of carbendazim microemulsion using different ratios of emulsifiers/methanol: (a) 4: 1, (b) 4: 2, (c) 4: 3, (d) 4: 4.
Figure 2.
Chromatograms of a carbendazim standard and carbendazim microemulsion samples. HPLC conditions are described in the text.
Note: Chromatography of the carbendazim standard (top) and microemulsion samples (bottom) were repeated in triplicate.
Table 3.
Assay of carbendazim microemulsion formulations.
Table 4.
Inhibition of R. solani AG1-IA mycelial growth at 36 h after treatment with carbendazim.
Table 5.
Inhibition of A. alternata mycelial growth at 7 days after treatment with carbendazim.
Figure 3.
Comparisons of the inhibitory effects of the tested carbendazim microemulsions and the positive control (0.2 g/L aqueous solution of carbendazim): (a) 0.05 mL/L microemulsion and 1 mL/L water solution, (b) 0.1 mL/L microemulsion and 2 mL/L water solution, (c) 0.2 mL/L microemulsion and 4 mL/L water solution, (d) 0.4 mL/L microemulsion and 8 mL/L water solution, (e) 0.8 mL/L microemulsion and 16 mL/L water solution.
Figure 4.
R. solani AG1-IA sclerotia germination rate at 24 h after treatment with carbendazim microemulsions and aqueous solutions.