Table 1.
Details of plant species tested for utility in ecological engineering against rice pests.
Table 2.
Effects of different flowers on the longevity of C. lividipennis.
Figure 1.
Effect of access to flowering plants of varying plant species on predation by C. lividipennis.
Adult predators were confined with ad libitum brown planthopper eggs plus a flowering shoot or water (control). Numbers of consumed eggs are back transformed.
Table 3.
Initial numbers of prey eggs available to C. lividipennis in a study of the effect of access to flowering plants of varying plant species on predation.
Figure 2.
Effect of access to flowering plants of varying plant species on functional response of C. lividipennis females.
Adult predators were confined with rice plants bearing different densities of brown planthopper (BPH) eggs and numbers of eggs remaining recorded after 24 hr. A: water (control); B: T. erecta; C: S. indicum; D: P. grandiflora; E: A. conyzoides; F: T. procumbens; G: E. sonchifolia; H: comparison of fitted curves for all treatments.
Figure 3.
Effect of access to flowering plants of varying plant species on functional response of C. lividipennis males.
Adult predators were confined with rice plants bearing different densities of brown planthopper (BPH) eggs and numbers of eggs remaining recorded after 24 hr. A: water (control); B: T. erecta; C: S. indicum; D: P. grandiflora; E: A. conyzoides; F: T. procumbens; G: E. sonchifolia; H: comparison of fitted curves for all treatments.
Table 4.
Parameter estimates of the functional response of C. lividipennis female adult (A–B*EXP(-K*Eggs)).
Table 5.
Parameter estimates of the functional response of C. lividipennis male adult (A–B*EXP(-K*Eggs)).
Figure 4.
Effect of removing flowers from plants on predation by C. lividipennis.
Adult predators were confined with brown planthopper nymphs plus either a flowering plant, a plant from which flowers and flower buds were removed or no plant material and mortality assessed after 10 days. A fourth treatment in each experiment had no predator so provided an estimate of background nymph mortality allowing a corrected mortality to be calculated for the other three treatments (see text for explanation). A: T. procumbens; B: E. sonchifolia; C: T. erecta; D: S. indicum.
Table 6.
Adult longevity and fecundity of rice leaffolder, C.medinalis and M. patnalis, fed on different foods.