Figure 1.
Soil microbial biomass C and soil microbial biomass N in various treatments during maize growth stages.
CK: no fertilizer; N: N fertilizer; B: bacteria fertilizer; NB: N fertilizer + bacteria fertilizer; M: manure compost; MB: manure compost + bacteria fertilizer. Data are means ± SD (n = 3). Different lower case letters indicate significant differences (ANOVA, LSD test, p<0.05) among fertilizer treatments; different upper case letters indicate significant differences among maize growth stages.
Figure 2.
Soil respirations rate in various treatments during maize growth stages.
CK: no fertilizer; N: N fertilizer; B: bacteria fertilizer; NB: N fertilizer + bacteria fertilizer; M: manure compost; MB: manure compost + bacteria fertilizer. Data are means ± SD (n = 3). Different lower case letters indicate significant differences (ANOVA, LSD test, p<0.05) among fertilizer treatments; different upper case letters indicate significant differences among maize growth stages.
Figure 3.
The clony-forming units of bacteria, fungi and actinomyces in various treatments during maize growth stages.
CK: no fertilizer; N: N fertilizer; B: bacteria fertilizer; NB: N fertilizer + bacteria fertilizer; M: manure compost; MB: manure compost + bacteria fertilizer. Data are means ± SD (n = 3). Different lower case letters indicate significant differences (ANOVA, LSD test, p<0.05) among fertilizer treatments; different upper case letters indicate significant differences among maize growth stages.
Figure 4.
DGGE banding patterns of 16S bacteria fragment and clustering of DGGE profiles in various treatments during maize growth stages.
CK: no fertilizer; N: N fertilizer; B: bacteria fertilizer; NB: N fertilizer + bacteria fertilizer; M: manure compost; MB: manure compost + bacteria fertilizer.
Table 1.
Effect of different treatments on soil bacterial community structure diversity as evaluated by Shannon index (H), Evenness index (E) and Simpson index (C) in the DGGE-PCR.
Figure 5.
DGGE banding patterns of 18S rDNA fungi fragment and clustering of DGGE profiles in various treatments during maize growth stages.
CK: no fertilizer; N: N fertilizer; B: bacteria fertilizer; NB: N fertilizer + bacteria fertilizer; M: manure compost; MB: manure compost + bacteria fertilizer.
Table 2.
Effect of different treatments on soil fungi community structure diversity as evaluated by Shannon index (H), Evenness index (E) and Simpson index (C) in the DGGE-PCR.
Figure 6.
Soil enzyme activity in various treatments during maize growth stages.
CK: no fertilizer; N: N fertilizer; B: bacteria fertilizer; NB: N fertilizer + bacteria fertilizer; M: manure compost; MB: manure compost + bacteria fertilizer. Data are means ± SD (n = 3). Different lower case letters indicate significant differences (ANOVA, LSD test, p<0.05) among fertilizer treatments; different upper case letters indicate significant differences among maize growth stages.
Table 3.
Correlation of MBC, MBN, Available N, SOM, Humus and enzymes activities.
Figure 7.
PCA of indexes combined with a hierarchical clustering analysis in various treatments during maize growth stages.
CK: no fertilizer; N: N fertilizer; B: bacteria fertilizer; NB: N fertilizer + bacteria fertilizer; M: manure compost; MB: manure compost + bacteria fertilizer. A: Seeding stage; B: Tasseling stage; C: Mature stage.