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Figure 1.

Research focus area.

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Figure 2.

The zenithal and azimuthal angles on the hemisphere.

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Figure 3.

Left: theory of Z-GaF Shadow Maps when light and view direction are perpendicular, Right: Z-partitioning with 3 partitions in 1024*1024 resolution.

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Figure 4.

Split schemes, Left: Uniform splitting, Center: Logarithmic splitting, Right: Practical splitting.

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Figure 5.

View frustum and light frustum mix to create Parallel Split Shadow Maps.

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Figure 6.

(A): The first two steps of Z-GaF which is conventional Shadow Maps, (B): Applying the presented Z-partitioning, (C): Applying Gaussian approximation on shadow maps, (D): Soft Shadows.

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Figure 7.

(A): Logarithm splitting, (B): Practical splitting.

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Table 1.

Speed of rendering measured by FPS in different resolutions.

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Figure 8.

(A): Shadow Maps, (B): PCF, (C): CSMs with Gaussian blurring, (D): Z-GaF Shadow Maps.

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Figure 9.

Integration of Z-GaF Shadow Maps and sky colour, January at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia at different times of day.

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Figure 10.

Left: Eiffel Tower, captured on 6 October at 16∶03 (Source: http://www.earthcam.com/), Right: The Software generated result for Eiffel Tower position on 6 October at 16∶03 (http://www.flickr.com/photos/118766222@N04/12784543685/).

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Figure 11.

Left: Eiffel Tower, captured on 24 October at 16∶23 (Source: http://www.earthcam.com/), Right: The Software generated result for Eiffel Tower position on 24 October at 16∶23 (http://www.flickr.com/photos/118766222@N04/12784631475/).

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Figure 12.

Left: Eiffel Tower, captured on 5 September at 17∶19 (Source: http://www.earthcam.com/), Right: The Software generated result for Eiffel Tower position on 6 September at 17∶19 (http://www.flickr.com/photos/118766222@N04/12785060384/).

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Figure 13.

(A) Conventional Shadow Maps on virtual and real objects, (B) PCF shadows on virtual and real objects.

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Figure 14.

Casting Z-GaF Shadow Maps on virtual and real environments simultaneously, (A) Z-GaF Shadow Maps, (B) Soft shadows using Z-GaF Shadow Maps.

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Figure 15.

(A) Castro results [23], (B) Our results.

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Figure 16.

A scene with and without augmented objects, at 9∶55 on January 2013 at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.

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Figure 17.

Interaction between sky colour and objects in augmented environment at different times of January 2013 at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.

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Figure 18.

Rotating the virtual objects using mouse and keyboard in augmented environment at 15∶28 on January 2013 at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.

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