Figure 1.
Schematic outline of the study design and testing sessions.
BRUMS: Brunel mood Scale; BFI: Brief fatigue Inventory. Weekly injections performed on day 1, followed by 3000 m time trial on day 2 and monitored training session (400 m time trial/10 min recovery/10×400 m) on day 3.
Table 1.
Participant characteristics used to pair match groups at the start of the study (means ± standard deviations).
Figure 2.
Changes in mood and fatigue scores during the study.
A) Total Mood Disturbance from the Brunel Mood Scale and B) Total Fatigue Score from the Brief Fatigue Inventory. Data are presented in raw form on the Left Y-axis and as percent change from week 0 on the Right Y-axis (mean ± SD). Within a group change from Week 0: † small effect (Effect size> 0.2), †† moderate effect (Effect size>0.6); between group percent change from week 0 at matched time; * p≤0.05; † small effect (Effect size> 0.2), †† moderate effect (Effect size> 0.6), ††† Large effect (Effect size> 1.2); Ω denotes difference between groups at week 0.
Table 2.
Iron parameters, Hbmass,[Hb] and fatigue scores of IRON and PLACEBO groups pre-supplementation and at 2, 4 and 6 weeks post-supplementation.
Figure 3.
Blood lactate concentration (Bla) and Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) from the run trials over the course of the study.
A) 3000 m time trial; B) All-out 400 m time trial; C) 10×400 m session. Data are presented in raw form on the Left Y-axis and as % change from week 0 on the Right Y-axis (mean ± SD). Within a group change from Week 0: * p≤0.05; † small effect (Effect size> 0.2), †† moderate effect (Effect size> 0.6); between group percent change from PRE at matched time; † small effect (Effect size> 0.2), †† moderate effect (Effect size> 0.6).
Table 3.
Performance test times (mean ± SD) and mean difference (with 90% CL) between groups (IRON vs. PLACEBO) for the respective percent change from week 0.
Figure 4.
Mean perceptual daily training diary ratings for IRON and PLACEBO during the study (rated 1 to 5). X slope (90%CL): derived as the mean of individual regression analysis for each subject.