Figure 1.
Morphological characteristics of strain Q3.
Colony morphology on LB plate (left) and cell morphology under electron microscope (right).
Figure 2.
The phylogenetic tree based on 16S rDNA of strain Q3 and those of herbicide-degrading species.
Q3 and other two quinclorac degrading bacteria, such as Burkholderia cepacia and Bordetella petrii are in different branches of the tree.
Figure 3.
Effect of temperature on degradation of quinclorac and growth of Q3.
Both growth and quinclorac degradation of Q3 reached peak values at temperature of 30°C.
Figure 4.
Effect of pH on degradation of quinclorac and growth of Q3.
Both growth and quinclorac degradation of Q3 reached peak values at pH of 8.
Figure 5.
Effect of inoculation size on degradation of quinclorac and growth of Q3.
Both growth and quinclorac degradation of Q3 reached peak values when inoculation size was 6%.
Figure 6.
Effect of initial quinclorac concentration on Q3 growth and degradation of quinclorac.
Both growth and quinclorac degradation of Q3 reached peak values when initial quinclorac concentration was 20 mg/L.
Figure 7.
The growth and quinclorac degradation curve of Q3 at optimal condition.
The degradation of quinclorac is highly correlated with the growth of Q3.
Figure 8.
Mass spectrum of quinclorac degradation products of Q3.
The molecular formula of quinclorac and three degradation products are labeled.
Figure 9.
Bioremediation of strain Q3 (left) and phytotoxicity of quinclorac (right) on tobacco.
The tobacco grew much better in Q3 added soil (left) than in soil without Q3, while soil in both containers were contaminated by quinclorac.
Table 1.
Bioremediation of strain Q3 on leaf length, leaf width and plant height of tobacco.
Figure 10.
Possible quinclorac degradation pathways of Q3.
The pathways were proposed based on the resolved quinclorac degradation products from mass spectrum.