Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of patients according to HF etiology.
Figure 1.
Protein expression levels of endoplasmic reticulum stress proteins in dilated (DCM) and ischemic (ICM) cardiomyopathy and control (CNT) groups.
(A) Inositol-requiring protein-1 (IRE1). (B) Inositol-requiring protein-1 phosphorylated (p-IRE1) (C) Glucose-related protein 78 (GRP78). (D) X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1). (E) Activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) (F) Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4). The values are normalized to GAPDH and finally to the CNT group. Values from the CNT group are set to 100. The data are expressed as means ± standard error of the mean (SEM) in optical density, arbitrary units (AU), of six independent experiments. *p<0.05, **p<0.01 vs. the CNT group.
Figure 2.
Western blot analysis of structural proteins of the endoplasmic reticulum in dilated (DCM) and ischemic (ICM) cardiomyopathy and control (CNT) groups.
(A) Cytoskeleton-associated protein 4 (CKAP4). (B) Reticulon 1. The values are normalized to GAPDH and finally to the CNT group. Values from the CNT group are set to 100. The data are expressed as means ± standard error of the mean (SEM) in optical density, arbitrary units (AU), of two independent experiments. *p<0.01 vs. the CNT group. #p<0.01 DCM vs. the ICM group.
Figure 3.
Western blot and immunofluorescence studies of cell distribution of some endoplasmic reticulum structural proteins in human left ventricular cardiomyocytes according to heart failure etiology and compared to a control (CNT) group.
(A) Ribosomal receptor-binding protein (RRBP1) levels. (B) Immunofluorescence of RRBP1 protein. (C) Kinectin protein levels. (D) Immunofluorescence of kinectin. The values are normalized to GAPDH and finally to the CNT group. Values from the CNT group are set to 100. The data are expressed as means ± standard error of the mean (SEM) in optical density, arbitrary units (AU), of two independent experiments. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001 vs. the CNT group. The bar represents 10 µm.
Figure 4.
Western blot and immunofluorescence studies of Nogo A and B according to heart failure etiology and compared to a control (CNT) group.
(A) Protein levels of Nogo A. (B) Protein levels of Nogo B. (C) Immunofluorescence of Nogo A+B. The values are normalized to GAPDH and finally to the CNT group. Values from the CNT group are set to 100. The data are expressed as means ± standard error of the mean (SEM) in optical density, arbitrary units (AU), of two independent experiments. DCM, dilated cardiomyopathy, ICM, ischemic cardiomyopathy. *p<0.01, **p<0.001 vs. the CNT group. #p<0.05 DCM vs. the ICM group. The bar represents 10 µm.
Figure 5.
Scatter plots of correlation between RRBP1 and ejection fraction (EF) in dilated and ischemic cardiomyopathy human hearts.
The values of RRBP1 are normalized to GAPDH.