Table 1.
Sixty species used to measure leaf water drop adhesion, surface roughness, contact angle of water (θw) and diiodomethane (θd).
Figure 1.
Relationships between leaf water drop adhesion and surface free energy (A), dispersive component (B), polar component (C) and work-of-adhesion for water (D).
Figure 2.
Side views of 6 µl droplets of distilled water placed on some typical plant leaf surfaces.
A: abaxial surface of Agrimonia pilosa, θ = 58.2±8.2°; B: adaxial surface of Populus simonii, θ = 80.0±11.9°; C: adaxial surface of Carduus nutans, θ = 94.7±9.2°; D: abaxial surface of Sophora davidii, θ = 139.0±4.4°; E: the adaxial surface of Lonicera hispida, θ = 67.0±20.9°; F: the abaxial surface of Anemone vitifolia, θ = 141.0±4.1°).
Figure 3.
Relationship between leaf water drop adhesion and leaf roughness.
Figure 4.
Scanning electron microscope images of the adaxial (A, C, E, G) and abaxial (B, D, F, H) surfaces of Artemisia gmelinii, Artemisia desertorum, Cynanchum chinense, and Cynanchum komarovii, respectively.
Figure 5.
Scanning electron microscope images of the abaxial surface of Hyoscyamus pusillus (A), the adaxial surface of Vitex negundo (B) and Populus simonii (C).