Figure 1.
Blood glucose concentrations following RRV or mock inoculation.
Blood glucose was measured in individual C57BL/6 mice over 2 weeks following inoculation by gavage with 106 FFU RRV (black circles; 6 females, 6 males) or mock virus (white circles; 4 females, 5 males). * Pā¤0.02; ** P<0.001. Results are representative of 3 separate experiments.
Figure 2.
Acute, TLR3-dependent involution of the pancreas following inoculation with RRV.
A) Organ weights (% of total body weight) of C57BL/6 mice 3 days after inoculation with RRV (black circles) or mock virus (white circles) (n = 6 mice/group). B) Pancreas weights 2 days after inoculation of C57BL/6 mice with mock virus, RRV or inactivated RRV, or after i.p. injection of poly I:C (n = 6ā10 mice/group), or after inoculation of TLR3 gene-targeted mice (n = 6 mice/group). Results in * denotes significant difference from mock virus controls (see text for P values).
Figure 3.
Increase in the number of TUNEL-positive cells in the pancreas following inoculation with RRV.
Pancreas sections from C57/B6 mice 2 days after inoculation with mock virus (open circles) or RRV (solid circles) were scored for TUNEL-positive cells per section in 10 sections/mouse. Each point is the total number of TUNEL-positive cells per mouse; the mean and SD are superimposed.
Figure 4.
Decrease in islet size and insulin content following inoculation with RRV.
Pancreas sections from C57/B6 mice 2 days after inoculation with mock virus or RRV were fixed with 4% PFA and stained with DAPI for nuclei (blue) and with antibodies to insulin (green) and glucagon (red). Magnification x10.
Figure 5.
Inverse relationship between plasma insulin and blood glucose concentrations following inoculation with RRV.
Plasma insulin and blood glucose were measured in cardiac puncture blood 3 days after inoculation of C57/B6 mice with mock virus (open circles) or RRV (solid circles).
Figure 6.
Cellular regeneration during recovery from RRV-induced pancreas involution.
Pancreas sections from C57/B6 mice 7 days after inoculation with A) mock virus or B) RRV were immunostained for PCNA (red) and PDX-1 (green). PCNA-positive cells were increased following RRV, including scattered islet cells co-stained (yellow) for both PCNA and PDX-1. Magnification A: x10; B x20.
Table 1.
Titers of rhesus rotavirus in tissues after inoculation of C57/Bl6 mice.
Figure 7.
Correlation of blood glucose concentration with RV antigen in the pancreas.
RV was quantified by ELISA 9 days after inoculation of C57/B6 mice with RRV.