Figure 1.
Map of the island of Newfoundland with a map of Canada inset.
Table 1.
Extant native terrestrial mammals on the island of Newfoundland with sources for dietary data used in our study.
Table 2.
Non-native and transient terrestrial mammals on the island of Newfoundland with sources for dietary data used in our study.
Figure 2.
Terrestrial mammal food web of Newfoundland.
A, year that each non-native species considered in our study was introduced vs total terrestrial mammal species richness in Newfoundland. B, Newfoundland terrestrial mammal food web with native and non-native terrestrial mammals shaded in different colours. Each node represents a different species or group of species and each link represents a feeding relationship. For example, terrestrial invertebrates (30) are prey for Cinereus Shrew (33).
Figure 3.
Effects of non-native mammals on food web properties.
Change in terrestrial mammal food web properties with the sequential addition of non-native species on the island of Newfoundland. The native food web has 30 species and every point after this represents the addition of one non-native species added in chronological order (see Table 2).
Figure 4.
Effects of non-native mammal functional groups on food web properties.
Change in Newfoundland terrestrial mammal food web properties for the removal of native vs non-native species of herbivores and insectivores without predators (F1), herbivores and insectivores with predators (F2), and predators (F3). See methods for specific definitions of F1, F2, and F3.