Figure 1.
Map of study sites in the island of San Salvador (The Bahamas).
Circles indicate the study sites. Numbers indicate study sites as follows: (1) White Island, (2) Catto Cay, (3) Light House, (4) Baptism, (5) Crab Cay, (6) La Crevasse, (7) Danger Point, (8) Double Caves, (9) Grotto, (10) Great Cut, (11) Red House, (12) Gardness, (13) Sangrila, (14) Runway, (15) Club Med, (16) Yellow House, (17) Rocky Point, and (18) Green Cay. This map was generated using a publicly available shapefile from the World Resources Institute (World Resources Institute website. Available: http://www.wri.org. Accessed 2014 August 7).
Figure 2.
Boxplots of bottom velocity averaged over summer months as a function of site.
Mean bottom velocity (m s−1) at 18 sites in San Salvador Island (Bahamas) for the summer months (May, June, July, and August). Sites were ordered, listed with increasing mean bottom velocities. The wave parameters used to calculate bottom velocity were collected hourly by oceanic buoys. Lionfish mean density (individuals ha−1) per site was indicated in parenthesis.
Table 1.
Statistical zero-inflated negative binomial models for the effects of environment (wave exposure and structural complexity), and fish (small and medium fishes, and large predatory fishes) abundance (density and biomass) on lionfish abundance (density and biomass).
Table 2.
Conversion table with the density and biomass of lionfish, medium fish, large predatory fish and large grouper.
Table 3.
Table of the Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficients between benthic habitat type (coral cover, macroalgae cover, turf algae cover, Orbicella habitat cover, sponge cover and gorgonian cover) and abiotic predictors (wave exposure and rugosity).
Figure 3.
Effect of fish abundance (density or biomass) on lionfish abundance (density or biomass).
Relationships between lionfish density and (A) medium fish density (individuals ha−1), (B) large predator density (individuals ha−1), and (C) large grouper density (individuals ha−1). Also relationships between lionfish biomass (g 100 m−2) and (D) medium fish biomass (g 100 m−2), (E) large predator biomass (g 100 m−2), and (F) large grouper biomass (g 100 m−2).
Figure 4.
Effect of wave exposure (low/high) on lionfish abundance (density or biomass) and rugosity.
Box plot of the relationships between wave exposure (categorized as low or high) and (A) lionfish density (individuals ha−1), (B) lionfish biomass (g 100 m−2), and (C) reef rugosity (C Index). Triangles denote mean values and open circles represent the mean value on each study site.