Figure 1.
Example of video analysis of the mating process in Daphnia obtusa.
Frame numbers of the video from encounter to separation of each contact were converted into time to determine the duration of the contact (black line: trajectory of male; grey line: trajectory of female; dashed line: trajectory of male and female during mating).
Figure 2.
Typical mating position of Daphnia obtusa.
Male (below) grasps the female (above) with freshly ovulated sexual eggs in the immature ephippium.
Figure 3.
Contact frequencies and duration times of mating and fighting of Daphnia obtusa according to the absence or presence of fish kairomones.
Observation was performed for 10 minutes. Each column represents the mean ± SE of 48 replicates.
Figure 4.
Contact frequencies and duration times of mating and fighting of Daphnia obtusa according to food quantity.
Observation was performed for 10 minutes. Each column represents the mean ± SE of 48 replicates.
Figure 5.
Contact frequencies and duration times of mating and fighting of Daphnia obtusa according to reproductive phase of females.
Observation was performed for 10 minutes. Each column represents the mean ± SE of 48 replicates.
Figure 6.
Insemination behaviors of the Daphnia obtusa male during contact with asexual female of D. obtusa (A) or D. galeata (B).