Figure 1.
The schematic representation shows the genes and proteins involved in the biosynthesis of Cephalosporin C. ACV:(-L-α-aminodipyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine, IPN:Isopenicillin N, DAC;deactycephalosporin C, CPC:cephalosporin C.
Figure 2.
CPC yield between high-yield strain (HY) and wild-yield strain (WT) during the fermentation process.
The mean values of three independent experiments with respective standard deviations are shown.
Figure 3.
The size distribution of unigenes.
The numbers of unigenes matched (with a cut-off E-value of 10-5) in NCBI nr databases with different length interval are shown.
Table 1.
Summary of the sequence assembly after Illumina sequencing.
Figure 4.
The species distribution among the top hits in the nucleotide database.
The number in each inner part shows proportion(%) homologous genes with reference microalgae.
Figure 5.
Histogram representation of genes ontology classification.
The results are summarized into three main categories: biological process, cellular component and molecular function. The y-axis indicates the number of genes in a category.
Figure 6.
Histogram presentation of differentially expressed Gene Ontology classification.
The results are summarized in three main categories: biological process, cellular component, and molecular function. The y-axis indicates the percentage of a specific category of genes in the main category.
Figure 7.
Pathway classification assigned to annotated genes.
Unigenes were annotated by KEGG database.
Table 2.
The relative expression of gene between HY and WT strains transcriptome.
Figure 8.
RT-qPCR analysis of the transcriptional levels of 18 unigenes between HY and WT strains during fermentation.
A. related Carbohydrate metabolism and energy genes. B. Other Secondary Metabolites and Defense and virulence mechanisms genes, C. CPC biosynthetic precursor associated genes. D. Related Oxidative stress defenses genes. The expression was analyzed at days 4, 6 and 7. Error bars represent ±SD. Asterisk represent statistically significant differences between the expression levels of the genes (statistics were generated based on day 4 using student t-test and p<0.05 was account as significant difference).
Figure 9.
Preliminary model of HY strain vs. WT strain according to the results obtained from comparative transcriptome.
Red color represents up-regulated genes, and green color represents down-regulated genes. ND, NADPH dehydrogenase; CR, carbonyl reductase; GA, Alpha-galactosidase; ACC, acyl-CoA carboxylase; ACD, acyl-CoA desaturase; PT, polyamine transporter; ZBD, Zinc-binding dehydrogenase; Gl,β-glucosidase; MT, Methyltransferase; FMOs, flavin-containing monooxygenase; CO, cytochrome oxidase; PMP, peroxisomal membrane protein; TR,Thioredoxin reductase; LNKS, Lovastatin nonaketide synthase; CL, Cystathionine β-lyase. ASA, Asparate aminotransferase; ACA, Acethylonithine aminotransferase. D and B, Defense and virulence mechanisms; OSD, Oxidative stress defenses; OSM, Other Secondary Metabolites; PA, CPC biosynthetic precursor acids.