Table 1.
Distribution of advanced-age, frail elderly with regards to disease.
Figure 1.
Summary of the gating strategy to define blood monocyte (upper panel) and dendritic cell (lower panel) subsets.
Monocytes were defined as CD45 and HLA-DR expressing and lineage (CD2, CD3, CD15, CD19, CD56, NKp46) negative. Dendritic cell subsets were defined as CD45 and HLA-DR expressing, lineage (CD3, CD15, CD19, CD56) negative, and CD123 bright plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) or CD123 low, and CD1c or CD141 expressing myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs).
Table 2.
Immunophenotyping of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from young adults, community-dwelling seniors, and advanced-age, frail elderly.
Figure 2.
Cytokine production, but not induction, is elevated in monocytes from the advanced-age, frail elderly as compared to young adults.
PBMCs were stimulated with mock (PBS), and TLR-2 (Pam3CSK4, Pam) and TLR-4 (LPS) agonists, and the production of A) IL-1β, B) IL-6, C) IL-8 and D) TNF in classical (CLS), intermediate (INT) and non-classical (NON) monocytes was measured by flow cytometry. Relative to mock, the induction of E) TNF was significantly lower in the advanced-age, frail elderly. n = 5–8 per group, per treatment. Comparison-wise p-value, ***p<0.001, **p<0.01, *p<0.05.
Figure 3.
Representation of the differences in A) the expression of CX3CR1 on the classical (CLS), intermediate (INT) and non-classical (NON) monocyte subsets and B) the classical to intermediate monocyte ratio, between cases (grey) and controls (white) for dementia, diabetes mellitus and anemia.
Comparison-wise p-value, **p<0.01, *p<0.05.
Table 3.
Associations between blood monocyte and DC markers and disease in the advanced-age, frail elderly.