Figure 1.
(A) Micro-groove cross-sectional figure; (B) Micro-wave cross-sectional figure; (C) 1D 20 µm wavelength wavy pattern; (D) 1D 20 µm groove length groove pattern.
Figure 2.
Illustration of the fabrication process of microwavy patterns.
(A–D) Uniaxial stretching of PDMS films at various mechanical stretch settings to generate microwavy patterns.
Figure 3.
Microfluidic based testing device.
(A) Sketch of the microfluidic device; (B) Image of the microfluidic device.
Figure 4.
Cell distribution at the initial seeding.
(A) Microscope image of cells on a wavy surface with 20 µm spacing and 6.6 µm height; (B) The number of endothelial cells at different wave locations.
Figure 5.
Images of BAOECs on different substrates.
(A) Microscope image of cells on flat PDMS substrate after 24 h; (B) Microscope image of cells on 20 µm spacing, 6.6 µm height micro-wave after 24 h; (C) Microscope image of cells on the micro-wave after 48 h; (D) SEM image of a BAOEC on micro-wavy substrate after 24 h. In Fig. D, the cell looks smaller than in Fig. A–C because of the dehydration process in preparation for SEM.
Figure 6.
Alignment of BAOECs on 20 µm micro-wavy substrates after 24 h incubation.
(A–C) Histograms of cell number, alignment angle, and cell location on 20 µm wavy surfaces (n = 100). Error bars, SEM.
Figure 7.
Phase-contrast images of BAOECs after 24 h incubation.
(A) 20 µm spacing, 5 µm height micro-groove; (B) 20 µm spacing, 6.6 µm height micro-wave; (C) Alignment angle (mean ± SEM) of BAOECs on micro-grooved and micro-wavy pattern. (D) Death rate of BAOECs on flat, groove and wavy surface. BAOECs on the wavy pattern show better alignment and lower death rate than those on the micro-grooved pattern. *P<0.05; Student's t test.
Figure 8.
Shear flow testing via a microfluidic based testing platform.
(A) Shear stress of 1 dyn/cm2 was applied for 12 min; (B) Diagram represents shear stress level applied, 2 min at 0.25 dyn/cm2, 2 min at 0.5 dyn/cm2, 2 min at 1 dyn/cm2, 2 min at 2.5 dyn/cm2, 2 min at 5 dyn/cm2, 2 min at 10 dyn/cm2. Data presented as mean ± SEM (n = 3).