Figure 1.
Map showing the distribution of sampling sites.
A: border of countries, B: border of Poland, C: main rivers, D–F: sites on organic-mineral soils (blue: 82, 83; yellow: 72, 73, 75; green: 105), G–L: sites on mineral soils (red: 136, 138, 141; yellow: 129, 131; purple: 275, 278, 280; blue: 120, 121; orange: 96, 98, 102; green: 161, 165, 169). Colours indicate the collection number.
Table 1.
Site characteristics.
Figure 2.
PCA (R2X = 0.725; Q2Y = 0.671) results: a) score plot; b) corresponding loadings plot.
Figure 3.
OPLS-DA (R2X = 0.774, R2Y = 0.938 and Q2Y = 0.904) results obtained for discrimination between stems and caps of A. muscaria basidiocarp: a) score plot obtained from OPLS-DA model; b) cross-validated score plot obtained from the OPLS-DA model; c) 999 permutations validation test; d) bar plot of cross-validated Y-predicted values from the OPLS-DA model.
Figure 4.
Distribution of metabolites in A. muscaria basidocarps: a) loadings of discrimination between stems and caps from the OPLS-DA model.
The color bar corresponds to the absolute value of the correlation loading; b) simplified representation of metabolite distributions in A. muscaria basidocarps.
Table 2.
Metabolic differences between stems and caps of A. muscaria basidocarps.
Figure 5.
OPLS-DA score plots discriminating between samples from mineral and organic-mineral topsoil for: a) whole fruiting bodies (R2X = 0.924, R2Y = 0.944 and Q2Y = 0.790); b) stems (R2X = 0.814, R2Y = 0.830, Q2Y = 0.728); and c) caps (R2X = 0.608 R2Y = 0.732, Q2Y = 0.554).
The corresponding loadings from the OPLS-DA models are shown on the right. The color bar corresponds to the absolute value of the correlation loading.
Table 3.
Influence of mineral and mineral-organic topsoil on the metabolic composition of A. muscaria basidocarps.
Figure 6.
Heat map showing the spearman rank coefficients calculated between soil properties and metabolites in A. muscaria basidocarp: a) in caps; b) in stems.
The B, P2O5, Mg, Zn(2) and Cu(2) were determined as available elements, while Hg, Ni, Cr, Cd, Pb, Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn were assayed as the general concentration in dry matter.