Figure 1.
Map of the Pacific Islands (A) and the location of Uripiv in Vanuatu (B).
In Figure 1A, the short dashed line designates the boundary between Near and Remote Oceania and the continuous dashed line represents the known distribution of the Lapita Cultural Complex.
Table 1.
Descriptive statistics for human bone collagen δ13C, δ15N, and δ34S values by age group and temporal period.
Table 2.
Descriptive statistics for pig bone collagen δ13C, δ15N, and δ34S values for each temporal period.
Figure 2.
Geological map of northern Malakula with ranges of 87Sr/86Srplant ratios for each sampling location.
© IRD, Quantin P (1972–1979) Nouvelles-Hébrides: Atlas des sols et de quelques données du milieu naturel. Bondy: Office de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique Outre-Mer.
Figure 3.
Geological map of Efate with ranges of 87Sr/86Srplant ratios for each sampling location.
© IRD, Quantin P (1972–1979) Nouvelles-Hébrides: Atlas des sols et de quelques données du milieu naturel. Bondy: Office de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique Outre-Mer.
Figure 4.
87Sr/86Srplant ratios of modern samples from Vanuatu.
Symbols represent short-rooted plants (SRP), medium-rooted plants (MRP), and deep-rooted plants (DRP). The vertical dotted line delineates between sampling locations on Efate Island and Malakula. The solid horizontal line designates the average 87Sr/86Sr ratio for modern seawater and the two dashed lines represent the high and low 87Sr/86Sr ratios of oceanic basalt. The sampling location is detailed by the number in parentheses in Figures 2 and 3.
Table 3.
Descriptive statistics for 87Sr/86Srenamel ratios of the Uripiv humans.
Figure 5.
Uripiv human δ13C and δ15N values in relation to a tropical Pacific island dietary baseline.
Only adults, children aged 5 years and above, and fetal/neonatal individuals shown on the graph. The dotted, solid, and dashed shapes delineate the potential protein diet of the Lapita (far right, dotted), PL and LL (center, solid), and LPH (left, dashed) individuals after correcting for trophic level differences (4.0‰ for δ15N values and 1.0‰ for δ13C values). Note that the modern δ13C values have been corrected for the Suess effect.
Figure 6.
Comparison of Uripiv human δ13C and δ15N values from individuals of all ages.
The dotted line delineates the Lapita humans (right), the solid line delineates the LL humans (center), the dashed line delineates the PL humans (center), and the dashes with dots delineate the LPH humans (left).
Figure 7.
Uripiv human and pig δ13C and δ34S (A) and δ15N and δ34S (B) values.
Human values plotted in relation to modern plant and animals from Vanuatu. Note that the modern δ13C values have been corrected for the Suess effect.
Figure 8.
Comparison of bone collagen δ13C and δ15N values of Uripiv and Teouma adult humans.
Figure 9.
Comparison of bone collagen 13C and δ15N values of Uripiv and Teouma pigs.
Figure 10.
Human 87Sr/86Srenamel ratios plotted in relation to the biologically available average 87Sr/86Srplant ratio of Uripiv.
The solid line represents the average 87Sr/86Srplant ratio for Uripiv and the dashed lines delineate±2 SD from this mean.