Figure 1.
Macroscopic and microscopic morphological features of Cudonia and Spathularia species.
A. Cudonia circinans (M. Carbone 313); B. Cudonia confusa (M. Carbone 314); C. Cudonia sp1 (Z.-W. Ge 729); D. Cudonia lutea (Z.-W. Ge 1634); E. Cudonia sp10 (Z. L. Yang 4297); F. Cudonia sp9 (X. H. Wang 2324); G. Cudonia sp12 (Z.-W. Ge 829); H. Spathularia sp5 (Z. L. Yang 5385); I. Spathularia sp4 (L. P. Tang 252); J. Spathularia velutipes (Z.-W. Ge 2232); K. Spathularia rufa (M. Carbone 309); L. Spathularia flavida (M. Carbone 313); M. Hymenium of Spathularia flavida (Z.-W. Ge 3348); N. Asci and paraphyses of Spathularia flavida (Z.-W. Ge 3348); O. Ascospores of Spathularia flavida (Z.-W. Ge 3348).
Figure 2.
Maximum likelihood phylogeny of Cudonia and Spathularia species based on 127 ITS ribosomal DNA sequences.
ML bootstrap support values are shown above the internal branches. Sequences from Asia are in black text, sequences from North America are in blue text, and sequences from Europe are in red text. Mislabeled sequences from GenBank and sequences from misidentified herbarium collections are shown in purple text.
Figure 3.
Four-locus (ITS, nrLSU, rpb2 and tef-1α) maximum likelihood (ML) phylogeny depicting phylogenetic relationships among 58 sequences of Cudonia and Spathularia.
Bootstrap support values from ML (1000 bootstrap replicates) analyses are shown above the internal branches. Bayesian posterior probabilities (BPP) greater than 0.95 are indicated by thickened branches. Branch lengths are proportional to the average number of substitutions per site except for dashed lines, which indicate longer branches that are not shown to scale.
Figure 4.
Ancestral area reconstruction and chronogram of clade of Cudonia and Spathularia based on BEAST analyses using Cudonia stem (65.03 ± 0.29 MYA, node 1) as calibration.
Estimated mean divergence times and 95% highest posterior density of resolved nodes in phylogenetic analyses are summarized in the upper left panel. Geological time scale according to Gradstein et al. (2004) is shown along the bottom for scale.