Figure 1.
M. matsumurae and its infective symptom after being inoculated with the entomopathogenic fungus.
A, the 2nd-instar nymphs settled down in clusters under the phloem; B, a newly emerged male 3rd-instar nymph; C, a cluster of the wax cocoons in which prepupae were concealed; D, newly emerged adult female; E, the infective symptom of the 2nd-instar nymphs, showing the mycelia covered the insect body, and the insect body color darkened (arrow); F, the second-instar nymphs (si) were inoculated, but the infective symptom were observed not only in this instar but also in the following instars, including the adult female (af), the male 3rd-instar nymph (ti) and the prepupae (pp) in the wax cocoon. The infected insects were easily distinguished from the population by mycelia; G, the adult female at the early stage of infection, showing the insect body did not obviously change despite the presence of some mycelia; H, the infective symptom of the adult females at the later stage of infection, showing their body color darkened.
Figure 2.
Corrected mortalities of M. matsumurae after inoculated with L. lecanii, F. incarnatum-equiseti and L. fungicola.
A, 2nd-instar nymphs; B, adult females.
Table 1.
Average mortality of 2nd-instar nymphs and adult females after inoculated with the four strains.
Table 2.
LT50 of the 2nd-instar nymph and the adult female of M. matsumurae after inoculated with the four strains.
Figure 3.
Corrected mortality of four developmental stages of M. matsumurae after inoculated with L. lecanii V3.4505.
Table 3.
Mortality and LT50 of M. matsumurae at different developmental stages inoculated with L. lecanii V3.4505.
Figure 4.
Scanning electron micrographs of the surface morphology of M. matsumurae at different developmental stages.
A, 2nd-instar nymph, showing the insect body was smooth with wax filaments secreted from spiracles on both sides. Scale bar = 100 µm; B, magnified view of the 2nd-instar nymph, showing the thin wax layer on the insect surface. Scale bar = 10 µm; C and D, male 3rd-instar nymph and adult female, showing both of their body segments are distinct with obvious intersegmental folds. C, Scale bar = 20 µm. D, Scale bar = 100 µm.
Figure 5.
TEM photograph of the integument of M. matsumurae.
(A) 2nd-instar nymph, scale bar = 2 µm; (B) male 3rd-instar nymph, scale bar = 1 µm; (C) prepuae, scale bar = 1 µm; (D) adult female. scale bar = 1 µm. Note: arrow points to the epicuticle, pr- procuticle.
Table 4.
The cuticle thickness (µm) of M. matsumurae in different developmental stages.