Table 1.
Characteristics of MAPK kinase (MAPKKs) from Solanum lycopersicum.
Table 2.
Characteristics of MAPK kinase kinase (MAPKKKs) from S. lycopersicum.
Figure 1.
Phylogenetic analysis (left), domain organization (middle) and exon-intron structures (right) of tomato MAPKKs.
The unrooted phylogenetic tree was generated using MEGA4.1 program by the neighbor-joining method. Bootstrap supports from 1000 replicates are indicated at each branch. The gene names of each subfamily are indicated with the same color. The domain organizations are analyzed by scanning of the protein sequences for the presence of known motifs and domains using PlantsP. The exon-intron organization of corresponding SlMAPKK genes is represented by yellow boxes and lines, respectively.
Figure 2.
Phylogenetic analysis (left), domain organization (middle) and exon-intron structures (right) of 89 SlMAPKKKs in tomato.
For other details, see Figure 1.
Figure 3.
Alignment of SlMAPKK proteins in tomato.
The highlighted part shows the conserved signature motif obtained with the ClustalX program.
Figure 4.
Alignment of MEKK-like SlMAPKKK proteins obtained with the ClustalX program.
The highlighted part shows the conserved signature motif.
Figure 5.
Alignment of Raf-like SlMAPKKK proteins obtained with the ClustalX program.
The highlighted part shows the conserved signature motif.
Figure 6.
Alignment of ZIK-like SlMAPKKK proteins obtained with the ClustalX program.
The highlighted part shows the conserved signature motif.
Figure 7.
Chromosomal distribution of SlMAPKKs and SlMAPKKKs genes in tomato genome.
The names of each tandem duplicated gene cluster of the two families were indicated with black rectangles. The triangles indicate the upward or downward direction of transcription.
Table 3.
The numbers of SlMAPK, SlMAPKK, and SlMAPKKK in Arabidopsis, rice, tomato, and maize.
Figure 8.
Expression profiles of SlMAPKK family genes in tomato using qRT-PCR analysis.
A: transcript levels of all 5 SlMAPKK in different tomato organs including root, stem, leaf, flower buds, and fruit. B: transcript level change of all 5 SlMAPKK genes in tomato seedlings exposed to heat (H), Cold (C), drought (D), salt (S) stresses when compared to control treatment. C: transcript levels of all five SlMAPKK genes in tomato seedlings exposed to Pseudomonas syringes. Data represent the means and standard errors of three independent biological samples. Relative expression levels were normalized relative to a reference gene SlUbi3 (accession number X58253). Asterisks indicate significant differences as determined by Student’s t-test (*P, 0.05; **P, 0.01).
Figure 9.
Expression patterns of MEKK subfamily genes in different organs and under abiotic and biotic stress treatment in tomato by qRT-PCR analysis.
For other details, see Figure 8.
Figure 10.
Expression patterns of RAF subfamily genes in different organs and under abiotic and biotic stress treatment in tomato by qRT-PCR analysis.
For other details, see Figure 8.
Figure 11.
Expression patterns of ZIK subfamily genes in different organs and under abiotic and biotic stress treatment in tomato by qRT-PCR analysis.
For other details, see Figure 8 (Left corresponding to upper part; middle corresponding to middle part; Right corresponding to lower part).
Figure 12.
Heat map shows the real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis results of SlMAPKK genes with exogenous IAA (left) and SA (right) treatments.
Figure 13.
Expression profiles of MEKK subfamily genes with exogenous IAA (left) and SA (right) treatments.
Figure 14.
Expression profiles of RAF subfamily genes with exogenous IAA (left) and SA (right) treatments.
Figure 15.
Expression profiles of ZIK subfamily genes with exogenous IAA (left) and SA (right) treatments.