Figure 1.
Active and investigated LEZs in Germany, December 2009.
The 17 LEZs included into the study are marked with open red circles. The 17 LEZs that were active but were excluded according to protocol are indicated by full red circles. Capital cities of the Federal states are shown by black squares. This is a modification of the map as published at URL www.umweltbundesamt.de/umweltzonen. Date of access: 6th November 2009.
Table 1.
Overview of low emission zones (LEZs) in German cities included for analysis: 17 LEZs in 6 federal states.
Figure 2.
Index (xzamdh) and reference concentration (rzadh) at index measurement station m and LZ z in observation period II with active LEZ (a = 1) and in observation period I with inactive LEZ (a = 0): matched quadruplets consisting of two index measurement values and two reference measurement values.
The time difference between compared measurement values at day d of the year in period 2 and d+1 of the year in period 1, always with starting time h, is not a full year but 364 days to keep the weekday constant.
Table 2.
NO2: Quadruplets of continuous NO2-measurements: index stations (Ind), reference stations (Ref) before (pre) and after (post) introduction of LEZ.
Table 3.
NO2: Linear (additive) model 1 evaluating the quadruplets of continuous NO2-measurements.
Table 4.
NO2: Log-linear (multiplicative) model 1 evaluating the quadruplets of continuous NO2-measurements.
Table 5.
NO2: Quadruplets of pooled continuous and diffuse sampler NO2-measurements: index stations (Ind), reference stations (Ref) before (pre) and after (post) introduction of LEZ.
Table 6.
NO2: Linear (additive) model 1 evaluating the quadruplets of pooled continuous and diffuse sampler NO2-measurements.
Table 7.
NO2: Log-linear (multiplicative) model 1 evaluating the quadruplets of pooled continuous and diffuse sampler NO2-measurements.
Table 8.
NO: Quadruplets of pooled continuous and diffuse sampler NO-measurements: index stations (Ind), reference stations (Ref) before (pre) and after (post) introduction of LEZ.
Table 9.
NO: Linear (additive) model 1 evaluating the quadruplets of pooled continuous and diffuse sampler NO-measurements.
Table 10.
Summarized Results on Nitrogen Oxides.
Table 11.
Overview of studies estimating the effect of LEZs on NO2 concentrations.