Figure 1.
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) images are typically displayed in logarithmic scale.
Enhanced vitreous imaging with the vitreous window and high-dynamic-range methods improves visualization of structure in the posterior vitreous and vitreoretinal interface. Scale bars: 300 µm.
Figure 2.
Three-dimensional (3D) enhanced vitreous imaging enables visualization of the posterior vitreous and vitreoretinal interface in arbitrary cross sections or any en face plane.
Arbitrary cross-sectional images and arbitrary en face images are generated from the 3D motion-corrected volumetric dataset with high-speed SS-OCT enhanced vitreous imaging display. Videos S1 and S2 are cross-sectional and en face flythrough videos of the 3D volumetric dataset. Scale bars: 300 µm.
Figure 3.
Examples of features observed in the posterior vitreous and vitreoretinal interface in healthy eyes.
Selected cross sections from two different eyes are shown with their locations marked on the optical coherence tomography (OCT) fundus images. Renderings of the 3D volumetric datasets are also shown. Note the cloudy gray appearance of reflective signal from the vitreous, where liquefied areas of the vitreous appear transparent and hyperreflective foci appear white. Observed features are marked in the cross-sectional images: bursa premacularis (BPM) (white asterisk), Cloquet's canal (Area of Martegiani) (white circle), Cloquet's/BPM septum (white circle arrow), posterior cortical vitreous (hyaloid) detachment (black arrowhead), papillomacular hyaloid detachment (double black arrowheads), Bergmeister papilla (black diamond arrow), hyaloid attachment to retinal vessel (white arrowhead), granular opacities within vitreous cortex (black dashed arrow), granular opacities within BPM (black dotted arrow), granular opacities within Cloquet's (black arrow). Scale bars: 300 µm.
Table 1.
Features of the posterior vitreous and vitreoretinal interface observed in healthy eyes.
Table 2.
Detection of vitreal and vitreoretinal features in healthy eyes.
Figure 4.
Volumetric measurement of vitreal spaces can be performed in three-dimensional (3D) enhanced vitreous imaging volumetric datasets.
The bursa premacularis (BPM) and area of Martegiani are segmented and highlighted. The volume of the BPM and area of Martegiani measured within the imaging range of the dataset is 6.84 µL and 3.06 µL, respectively. Video S3 is a 3D rendering video animation of the retina with the highlighted BPM and area of Martegiani.
Figure 5.
Vitreal detachment from the retina can be mapped in three-dimensional (3D) enhanced vitreous imaging volumetric datasets by examining each cross-sectional image in a 3D dataset (left) and marking the detached hyaloid (center) to generate a map where the area of vitreal detachment is highlighted (right).
Vitreoretinal attachment is present at the macula (blue asterisk) and optic nerve head (yellow asterisk) as well as along a retinal vessel (red arrow) nasal to the optic nerve head. The measured areas of attachment are 20.9 mm2 above the macula, 9.7 mm2 over the optic nerve head, and 0.2 mm2 along the retinal vessel within the imaging range. Scale bars: 300 µm.
Figure 6.
Enhanced vitreous imaging of vitreomacular traction (VMT).
(Top left) Vitreous detachment map where the measured area of attachment is 4.4 mm2 over the macula and 23.2 mm2 over the optic nerve head and retinal vessels. (Second row left) Three-dimensional (3D) rendering of the long-wavelength, high-speed SS-OCT volumetric dataset. (i, ii, iii, iv) Selected cross-sectional images through the fovea and en face images are shown. Note the improved visualization of the contour and shape of the posterior hyaloid with enhanced vitreous imaging. The presence of vitreous fibers and hyperreflective reflective foci in the posterior vitreous are clearly visible in the en face images and three-dimensional rendering. Video S4 is a video animation of the rendering. Video S5 and S6 are cross-sectional and en face flythrough videos of the 3D volumetric dataset. Scale bars: 300 µm.