Table 1.
Demographic and characteristic data of smoker and nonsmoker participants.
Figure 1.
The effect of chronic cigarette smoking on GMV.
Smokers showed higher GMV in the angular gyrus and inferior parietal lobule (A) and lower GMV in the insula, thalamus, and medial frontal cortex (B) compared with nonsmokers. GMV in the medial frontal cortex (B, region with yellow circle) was significantly negatively correlated with the history of smoking after controlling for age, education, and whole-brain volume (C). The results are shown with p<0.05 and corrected for multiple comparisons with the AlphaSim correction.
Table 2.
Differences in gray matter volumes between smokers and nonsmokers.
Figure 2.
Regions of higher GBC in smokers under the SOA condition.
Compared with that of nonsmokers, the GBC of smoker under the SOA condition was higher in the insula (A) and superior frontal gyrus (B). The GBC of the superior frontal gyrus was negatively correlated with the QUS-brief scores (C). The results are shown with p<0.01 and corrected for multiple comparisons with the AlphaSim correction.
Table 3.
Regions of higher global brain connectivity for smokers under the state of abstinence compared with nonsmokers.
Figure 3.
Regions of decreased GBC in smokers after acute cigarette smoking.
Smokers showed decreased GBC the in bilateral insula (A) and regions of the DMN (B), including the middle frontal cortex, precuneus, bilateral angular gyrus, and bilateral inferior parietal lobule. The results are shown with p<0.01 and corrected for multiple comparisons with the AlphaSim correction.
Table 4.
Regions of lower global brain connectivity for smokers under the state of satisfaction.