Figure 1.
Scheme for the proposed strategy for the synthesis of 1,3-benzoxazine derivatives.
Figure 2.
General procedure for the synthesis of novel benzoxazines.
Table 1.
Physical characteristics and inhibitory activities (α-glucosidase and α-amylase) of novel 1,3-benzoxazines.
Figure 3.
In vivo effect of compound 7 {4-(7-chloro-2,4-dihydro-1H-benzo[d][1,3]oxazin-2-yl)phenol} and acarbose on plasma glucose concentration by oral (A) maltose and (B) sucrose tolerance test.
Values are presented as mean ± SEM (n = 5). *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001 significant compared to respective maltose/sucrose alone treated groups.
Figure 4.
In vitro effect of compound 7 and its synergistic effect with acarbose on rat intestinal maltase and sucrase activities.
Percentage inhibition of compound 7 on intestinal (A) maltase and (B) sucrose. Percentage inhibition of intestinal maltase (C) and sucrase (D) induced by the compound 7 in presence of acarbose. Percentage inhibition is presented as mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001 significant compared to acarbose.
Figure 5.
Effect of compound 7 on glucose transport across porcine diaphragm in the presence and absence of insulin.
Values are presented as presented as mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. ***p<0.001 significant compared to insulin alone treated diapharagm.
Figure 6.
Interaction map of MGAM-C domain co-crystallized with acarbose.
The labelled key amino acids are represented as a stick model with the carbon atom as green, and other atoms in their parent colours. The binding of acarbose, whose carbon atom is coloured in pink and other atoms with their parent colour. The hydrogen bonding is represented as dark dotted line.
Figure 7.
Interaction map of MGAM-C catalytic domain co-crystallized with Compound 7.
The labelled key amino acids are represented as a stick model with carbon atom as green, and other atoms with their parent colour. The binding of compound 7, whose carbon atom is coloured in pink and other atoms with their parent colour. The hydrogen bonding is represented in dark dotted line.
Table 2.
Molecular docking results of MGAM-C with 1,3-benzoxazine derivatives.