Figure 1.
Note: Red-dotted box is Flux Balance Analysis which is hybridized into standard BA as an objective function in order to predict the effect of gene knockout.
Figure 2.
Overall framework of DBFBA with OptKnock.
Note: Red-dotted box is DE algorithm that is hybridized into BAFBA in order to improve the local search performance of BAFBA. Green-dotted box is OptKnock validation that has been integrated into DBFBA in this paper.
Figure 3.
Pseudo code of DBFBA.
Figure 4.
Bee representation of metabolic genotype [6].
Figure 5.
The flow of fitness calculation.
Figure 6.
The flow of OptKnock validation.
Table 1.
Mathematical representation of De Jong Martin & Gaddy, Schwefel, and Griewangk functions.
Table 2.
Obtained fitness value of all benchmark functions.
Table 3.
Comparison between different methods for growth rate and BPCY Succinic acid by E.coli.
Table 4.
Comparison between different methods for growth rate and BPCY of Lactic acid by E.coli.
Figure 7.
Comparison between different methods for growth rate and BPCY of Succinic acid by E.coli.
Note: BPCY is in gram (gram-glucose.hour)−1. Unit for growth rate is hr−1.
Figure 8.
Flux map of the production of succinic acid.
Figure 9.
Comparison between different methods for growth rate and BPCY of Lactic acid by E.coli.
Note: BPCY is in gram (gram-glucose.hour)−1. Unit for growth rate is hr−1.
Figure 10.
Flux map of the production of lactic acid.
Table 5.
Comparison between different methods for growth rate and BPCY of ethanol by B.subtilis.
Figure 11.
Comparison between different methods for growth rate and BPCY of Ethanol by B.subtilis.
Note: BPCY is in gram (gram-glucose.hour)−1. Unit for growth rate is hr−1.
Figure 12.
Comparison between different methods for production of Ethanol by C. thermocellum.
Note: BPCY is in gram (gram-glucose.hour)−1. Unit for growth rate is hr−1.
Figure 13.
Convergence graph of different methods for ethanol production in B.subtilis.
Figure 14.
Convergence graph of different methods for ethanol production in C.thermocellum.
Table 6.
Comparison between different methods for growth rate and BPCY of ethanol by C.thermocellum.
Table 7.
Comparison between average computational time of DBFBA and BAFBA for 1000 iterations.