Figure 1.
Piezogaster reclusus feeding on a Vachellia collinsii tree occupied by Pseudomyrmex spinicola ants.
Photo by: André Kessler
Figure 2.
Response of Pseudomyrmex spinicola ants to isolated compounds from Piezogaster reclusus.
Bars show the mean proportion (± SE) of encounters in which Pseudomyrmex spinicola ants attacked cotton swabs that were treated with Piezogaster reclusus (A) cuticular compounds or (B) glandular compounds in comparison to controls. Letters indicate significant differences from binomial GLMMs that included ant colony as a random effect.
Figure 3.
Response of Pseudomyrmex spinicola ants to Piezogaster reclusus and other herbivores.
Bars show the mean proportion (± SE) of encounters in which Pseudomyrmex spinicola ants attacked: (A) dead individuals of Piezogaster reclusus that were washed in water, methanol, or hexane to remove cuticular compounds, or (B) individuals of Dysdercus sp. that were treated with lanolin-extracted Piezogaster reclusus cuticular compounds or lanolin only as a control. Letters indicate significant differences from binomial GLMMs that included ant colony as a random effect.
Figure 4.
Response of Pseudomyrmex spinicola ants to replaced or translocated individuals of Piezogaster reclusus.
Bars show the mean proportion (± SE) of encounters in which Piezogaster reclusus was attacked when replaced on the host tree from which it was collected or translocated to a new tree with a different ant colony. Letters indicate significant differences from a binomial GLM.