Figure 1.
Effects of one-month AR on morphology and photosynthesis of L. formosana and S. superba.
The pH of AR solution was adjusted to 3.0 by adding a mixture of H2SO4 and HNO3 in the ratio of 5∶1. The final concentration of H2SO4 and HNO3 were 0.45 and 0.09 mM, respectively. (A) Leaf injury phenotype. (B) Leaf necrosis percentage. (C) Total chlorophyll content. (D) Net photosynthetic rate (Pn). (E) Quantum efficiency of open PSII centers in a dark-adapted state (Fv/Fm). Columns labeled with different letters indicate significant differences at p<0.05.
Figure 2.
Changes in proline (A), MDA (B), H2O2 (C) and O2•- (D) content after AR treatment.
Columns labeled with different letters indicate significant differences at p<0.05.
Figure 3.
2D gel analysis of proteins extracted from L. formosana and S. superba leaves.
The numbers assigned to the proteins spots correspond to those listed in Tables 1 and 2. (A) Representative 2-DE gels of L. formosana in which 74 spots showing at least 2-fold changes (p<0.05) under AR were identified by MALDI-TOF MS. (B) Close-up views of differentially expressed protein spots in L. formosana (highlighted by arrows). (C) Representative 2-DE gels of S. superba in which 34 spots showing at least 2-fold changes (p<0.05) under AR were identified by MALDI-TOF MS. (D) Close-up views of differentially expressed protein spots in S. superba (highlighted by arrows).
Table 1.
Identification of AR-responsive proteins in L. formosana.
Table 2.
Identification of AR-responsive proteins in S. superba.
Figure 4.
Number of protein spots significantly changed in AR-treated L. formosana and S. superba.
(A) Protein spots increased in their abundances. (B) Protein spots decreased in their abundances.
Figure 5.
Functional classification of AR-responsive proteins in L. formosana (A) and S. superba (B).
The proportion of identities in each functional group was the sum of this identity accounting for all protein quantities.
Figure 6.
Western blot analysis showing the expression of three protein spots.
(A) Expression of rubulose-1,5-bisphoshate carboxylase large subunit (RuBisco LSU), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in L. formosana and S. superba seedlings after AR treatment. Relative expression level of RuBisco LSU (B), APX (C) and GST (D) were analyzed with the Quantity One software. β-actin was used as the internal control. Means with different letters indicate significantly difference (p<0.05) with regard to AR treatments.