Table 1.
Instances of “Fishing Down Marine Food Web” across the globe, showing rates of decline in mean trophic level (mTL).
Figure 1.
Major English Channel fishing ports by landings value in 2010, ICES areas VIIe and VIId.
Data sourced from MMO and France AgriMer. Pie charts show the proportions of fish and shellfish landed by the UK and French fishing fleets for the period 1920–1930 and 2000–2010.
Table 2.
Finfish species included in our analysis with respective trophic levels (TL).
Table 3.
Invertebrate species included in our analysis with respective trophic levels (TL).
Figure 2.
ICES data for the English Channel on landings, mTL and FiB index for 1920–2010.
Analysis excludes pelagic species. (A) Annual landings from the English Channel. (B) Changes in the mTL over time. (C) Changes in the FiB index over time. The blue dashed line is a smoothing function, “supsmu” [50] available as standard with the R software package [51].
Table 4.
Granger causality testes at lag 1.
Figure 3.
ICES data on changes in catch composition for the English Channel 1920–2010.
Species grouped into ISSCAAP categories.
Figure 4.
Annual landings of selected elasmobranch species.
(A) Spurdog, (B) Tope shark, and (C) Small-spotted catshark.
Figure 5.
Annual landings of selected gadoid species.
(A) Atlantic cod, (B) Ling, (C) European hake.
Figure 6.
Annual landings of selected shellfish species.
(A) Edible crab, (B) European lobster and (C) Great Atlantic scallop.